Analysis of additive metals in fuel and emission aerosols of diesel vehicles with and without particle traps

Ulrich, Andrea; Wichser, Adrian

doi:10.1007/s00216-003-2054-3

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…First, the CeO 2 is completely dispersed in the fuel and is exposed to high temperatures just prior to its release into the environment [63]. Because most of the CeO 2 is captured by diesel filters or the catalytic converter [78], its pathway to the landfill and to recycling is more important than for the other ENM [63] (Fig. 4c).…”

Section: Case Study 4: Nano-ceo 2 In Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Nowack¹,

Ranville²,

Diamond³

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

533

353

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Abstract-The risks associated with exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) will be determined in part by the processes that control their environmental fate and transformation. These processes act not only on ENM that might be released directly into the environment, but more importantly also on ENM in consumer products and those that have been released from the product. The environmental fate and transformation are likely to differ significantly for each of these cases. The ENM released from actual direct use or from nanomaterial-containing products are much more relevant for ecotoxicological studies and risk assessment than pristine ENM. Released ENM may have a greater or lesser environmental impact than the starting materials, depending on the transformation reactions and the material. Almost nothing is known about the environmental behavior and the effects of released and transformed ENM, although these are the materials that are actually present in the environment. Further research is needed to determine whether the release and transformation processes result in a similar or more diverse set of ENM and ultimately how this affects environmental behavior. This article addresses these questions, using four hypothetical case studies that cover a wide range of ENM, their direct use or product applications, and their likely fate in the environment. Furthermore, a more definitive classification scheme for ENM should be adopted that reflects their surface condition, which is a result of both industrial and environmental processes acting on the ENM. The authors conclude that it is not possible to assess the risks associated with the use of ENM by investigating only the pristine form of the ENM, without considering alterations and transformation processes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:50-59. # 2011 SETAC

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Section: Case Study 4: Nano-ceo 2 In Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Nowack¹,

Ranville²,

Diamond³

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

533

353

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In laboratory conditions, particles filters from diesel cars removed 99.9% of Ce present in fuel additives. 16 However the manuscript does not specify whether the Ce additive was in the nanoscale. Considering the applications and the likelihood that the nanomaterials are released to the environment, the following assumptions were made.…”

Section: Thismentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental release, fate and ecotoxicological effects of manufactured ceria nanomaterials

Collin

Auffan

Johnson

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Nano

107

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uses. This has led to a number of publications on the toxicological effects of nanoceria in ecological receptor species, but only limited information is available on possible environmental releases, concentrations in environmental media, or environmental transformations. Increasing material flows of nanoceria in many applications is likely to result in increasing releases to air, water and soils however; insufficient information was available to estimate aquatic exposures that would result in acute or chronic toxicity. The purpose of this review is to identify which areas are lacking in data to perform either regional or site specific ecological risk assessments. While estimates can be made for releases from use as a diesel fuel additive, and predicted toxicity is low in most terrestrial species tested to date, estimates for releases from other uses are difficult at this stage. We

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“…With an ELPI, for example, particles are sampled in 13 fractions from 10 lm to 30 nm with additional information on particle mass and number concentration. Subsequent elemental analysis, e.g., by ICPMS after microwave acid digestion, provides chemical information (Ulrich and Wichser 2003). However, only three fractions of 13 cover the range of interest below 100 nm for nanoparticle investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-fractionated characterization and quantification of nanoparticle release rates from a consumer spray product containing engineered nanoparticles

Lorenz²,

et al. 2009

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This study describes methods developed for reliable quantification of size-and element-specific release of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) from consumer spray products. A modified glove box setup was designed to allow controlled spray experiments in a particle-minimized environment. Time dependence of the particle size distribution in a size range of 10-500 nm and ENP release rates were studied using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). In parallel, the aerosol was transferred to a size-calibrated electrostatic TEM sampler. The deposited particles were investigated using electron microscopy techniques in combination with image processing software. This approach enables the chemical and morphological characterization as well as quantification of released nanoparticles from a spray product. The differentiation of solid ENP from the released nano-sized droplets was achieved by applying a thermo-desorbing unit. After optimization, the setup was applied to investigate different spray situations using both pump and gas propellant spray dispensers for a commercially available water-based nano-silver spray. The pump spray situation showed no measurable nanoparticle release, 123J Nanopart Res (2010) 12:2481-2494 DOI 10.1007 whereas in the case of the gas spray, a significant release was observed. From the results it can be assumed that the homogeneously distributed ENP from the original dispersion grow in size and change morphology during and after the spray process but still exist as nanometer particles of size \100 nm. Furthermore, it seems that the release of ENP correlates with the generated aerosol droplet size distribution produced by the spray vessel type used. This is the first study presenting results concerning the release of ENP from spray products.

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Analysis of additive metals in fuel and emission aerosols of diesel vehicles with and without particle traps

Cited by 59 publications

References 24 publications

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Environmental release, fate and ecotoxicological effects of manufactured ceria nanomaterials

Size-fractionated characterization and quantification of nanoparticle release rates from a consumer spray product containing engineered nanoparticles

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