Retention of resistance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, by Lycopersicon plants reproduced through tissue culture

Ammati, M.; Murashige, Toshio; Thomason, I. J.

doi:10.1016/0304-4211(84)90236-0

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, not all Meloidogyne spp. are avirulent on Mi-1 including M. hapla (Ammati et al, 1985). Moreover, over the years, the occurrence of virulent root-knot nematode isolates that are able to reproduce on Mi-carrying tomato cultivars has been reported (Castagnone-Sereno et al, 1993;Kaloshian et al, 1996;Ornat et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 95%

Antioxidant enzymes in (a)virulent populations of root-knot nematodes

Molinari

2009

Nematol

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Assays of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), have been carried out on extracts of females and second-stage juveniles (J2) of a pair of Meloidogyne incognita isolates, one virulent and one avirulent, selected on tomato, and an avirulent field population of M. incognita. Catalase and SOD activity were found to be higher in extracts of the virulent isolate SM1 when compared with the avirulent counterparts. Peroxidase activity, assayed with o-dianisidine as the substrate, was enhanced in SM1 J2 compared with the avirulent avr1 J2. Catalase isozymes were separated by isoelectrofocusing into a very acidic and a basic isoform; this latter isoform was found to be responsible for the enhancement of catalase activity in virulent populations. SOD isozyme electrophoresis patterns (IEP) of root-knot nematodes, obtained by native PAGE, showed the presence of slow-and fast-migrating bands. SOD IEP of virulent females contained a slow-migrating band with a relative mobility (R m ) on the gels slightly higher (0.52) than the corresponding band from avirulent populations (0.50). This change was confirmed with native PAGE gels loaded with extracts from J2. To check how widespread this change is in field populations of RKN, a survey of SOD IEP from 12 RKN field (a)virulent populations was carried out. The specificity of the 0.52 R m band for virulent populations was confirmed. Separation by native PAGE of peroxidases, stained either by o-dianisidine or diamino-benzidine, showed two isoforms with no apparent differences between the populations tested.

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confidence: 95%

Antioxidant enzymes in (a)virulent populations of root-knot nematodes

Molinari

2009

Nematol

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“…Conditions relevant to climate change do have large scale effects on plant roots (Sriden and Charoensawan, 2022). The experiments presented here for the root relates to a greatly understudied plant organ regarding climate change and defense, in particular, parasitic nematodes and may be relevant to other root pathogens such as insects (Ammati et al 1986; Cap et al 1993; Yaghoobi et al 1995; Veremis and Roberts, 1996; Ammiraju et al 2003; Claverie et al 2004; Yaghoobi et al 2005; Cooper et al 2005; Marques et al 2015; Li and Smigocki, 2018; Du et al 2020; Alkharouf et al 2024).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine maxpolygalacturonase inhibiting protein 11 (GmPGIP11) functions in the root to suppressHeterodera glycinesparasitism

Acharya,

Troell,

Billingsley

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Pathogen-secreted polygalacturonases (PGs) alter plant cell wall structure by cleaving the α- (1→4) linkages between D-galacturonic acid residues in homogalacturonan (HG), macerating the cell wall, facilitating infection. Plant PG inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) disengage pathogen PGs, impairing infection. The soybean cyst nematode,Heterodera glycines,obligate root parasite produces secretions, generating a multinucleate nurse cell called a syncytium, a byproduct of the merged cytoplasm of 200-250 root cells, occurring through cell wall maceration. The common cytoplasmic pool, surrounded by an intact plasma membrane, provides a source from whichH. glycinesderives nourishment but without killing the parasitized cell during a susceptible reaction. The syncytium is also the site of a naturally-occurring defense response that happens in specificG. maxgenotypes. Transcriptomic analyses of RNA isolated from the syncytium undergoing the process of defense have identified that one of the 11G. max PGIPs,GmPGIP11, is expressed during defense. Functional transgenic analyses show roots undergoingGmPGIP11overexpression (OE) experience an increase in its relative transcript abundance (RTA) as compared to theribosomal protein 21(GmRPS21) control, leading to a decrease inH. glycinesparasitism as compared to the overexpression control. TheGmPGIP11undergoing RNAi experiences a decrease in its RTA as compared to theGmRPS21control with transgenic roots experiencing an increase inH. glycinesparasitism as compared to the RNAi control. Pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) components are shown to influenceGmPGIP11expression while numerous agricultural crops are shown to have homologs.

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“…Although some studies have indicated that in vitro culture may increase susceptibility to root-knot nematode (Dropkin et al, 1969;Fassuliotis, 1990;Fassuliotis and Bhatt, 1982), other studies have provided evidence of the stability of root-knot nematode resistance in Lycopersicon sp. (Ammati et al, 1984) and peach Hammerschlag, 1986, 1993). Ammati et al (1984) suggested that some tissue culture conditions can enhance the expression of symptoms associated with nematode infection, such as gall development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Ammati et al, 1984) and peach Hammerschlag, 1986, 1993). Ammati et al (1984) suggested that some tissue culture conditions can enhance the expression of symptoms associated with nematode infection, such as gall development. Support for this hypothesis is provided by previous studies in which seedling roots of nematode-resistant tomato (Dropkin et al, 1969) and peach (Kochba and Samish, 1971) developed galls and the nematodes produced eggs when the roots were treated with high doses of cytokinin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Development, and Response of Peach Somaclones to the Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Hashmi¹,

Hammerschlag²,

Huettel³

et al. 1995

jashs

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Somaclonal variation has been reported in many plant species, and several phenotypic and genetic changes, including pathogen and pest resistance, have been described. This study was designed to evaluate somaclonal variation in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] regenerants in response to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. Regenerants SH-156-1, SH-156-7, SH-156-11, and SH-156-12, derived from `Sunhigh' (susceptible) embryo no. 156, and regenerants RH-30-1, RH-30-2, RH-30-4, RH-30-6, RH-30-7, and RH-30-8, derived from `Redhaven' (moderately resistant) embryo no. 30, were screened in vitro for resistance to the root-knot nematode. Under in vitro conditions, fewest nematodes developed on regenerants SH-156-1 and SH-156-11, `Redhaven', and all `Redhaven' embryo no. 30 regenerants. The most nematodes developed on `Sunhigh', `Sunhigh' seedlings (SHS), and regenerant SH-156-7. Nematodes did not develop on `Nemaguard'. In greenhouse tests, fewer nematodes developed and reproduced on the no. 156-series regenerants than on `Sunhigh'. Under in vitro conditions, significant differences among uninfected (control) regenerants, cultivars, and rootstock `Nemaguard' were observed for shoot height and fresh root weights. Significant differences were also observed among infected regenerants, cultivars, and `Nemaguard' for these characteristics, but differences were not observed between control and infected regenerants. Different concentrations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid in half-strength Murashige and Skoog salt medium induced rooting of two peach cultivars, one rootstock, and four regenerants.

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Retention of resistance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, by Lycopersicon plants reproduced through tissue culture

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Antioxidant enzymes in (a)virulent populations of root-knot nematodes

Antioxidant enzymes in (a)virulent populations of root-knot nematodes

Glycine maxpolygalacturonase inhibiting protein 11 (GmPGIP11) functions in the root to suppressHeterodera glycinesparasitism

Growth, Development, and Response of Peach Somaclones to the Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

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