“…From our literature survey, it is evident that the cellular structure of the PUF sorbents offer unique advantages over conventional sorbents, low-cost sorbents and nanosorbents in rapid, versatile effective separation and/or preconcentration of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, as presented in Table 7. For a better argumentation, Figure 3 is shown based on data from literature studies and our previous studies: PUF (Tofan et al 1996, Reddy and Reddy 2003, Alhakawati and Banks 2004, Moawed 2004a,b, Saeed et al 2007, El-Shahawi et al 2008, Abdel Salam et al 2011, chelating resins (Bîlbă et al 1998a,b, Asouhidou et al 2004, Pandey and Thakkar 2004, Ngeontae et al 2007, Rengaraj et al 2007, Shah et al 2011), hemp (Tofan et al 2001, 2009a,b, 2010, Paduraru and Tofan 2008, pine bark (Acemioglu et al 2004, Mohan et al 2007, Vijayakumaran et al 2009, Amalinei et al 2012, Gonçalves et al 2012, fly ash (Gupta et al 2003, 2009a,b, 2011, Özkök et al 2013), zeolites (O'Connell et al 2008), cellulose powder (O'Connell et al 2008, Wan Ngah and Hanafiah 2008. It can be observed from Figure 3 that sorbents based on PUF are competitive against conventional sorbents and low-cost sorbents, being very suitable for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from large volumes of industrial wastes.…”