Rethinking Computer Architectures and Software Systems for Phase-Change Memory

Wu, Cheng‐Wen; Zhang, Guangyan; Li, Keqin

doi:10.1145/2893186

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…A couple of related studies [94], [133] may further complement the results shown in this paper. We have identified that these studies share some of our motivations and objectives, although they present different approaches and obtain different results.…”

Section: Related Worksupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Another study [133] explores the challenges of adopting Phase-Change RAM (PCM) as storage, main memory and/or processor cache, summarizing existing solutions and classifying them. The survey first presents the main challenges of adopting NVM in any level of memory hierarchy and proceeds to discuss the many approaches present in the literature detailing the most relevant ones.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the previous survey presents a classification of NVM-related solutions, it does not discuss future directions nor features that deserve additional investigation. Another study by Wu et al [133] explores the challenges of adopting Phase-Change RAM (PCM) as storage, main memory or both, summarizing existing solutions and classifying them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Volatile Memory File Systems: A Survey

et al. 2019

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For decades, computer architectures have treated memory and storage as separate entities. Nowadays, we watch the emergence of new memory technologies that promise to significantly change the landscape of memory systems. Byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies are expected to offer access latency close to that of dynamic random access memory and capacity suited for storage, resulting in storage-class memory. However, they also present some limitations, such as limited endurance and asymmetric read and write latency. Furthermore, adjusting the current hardware and software architectures to embrace these new memories in all their potential is proving to be a challenge in itself. In this paper, recent studies are analyzed to map the state-of-the-art of NVM file systems research. To achieve this goal, over 100 studies related to NVM systems were selected, analyzed, and categorized according to their topics and contributions. From the information extracted from these papers, we derive the main concerns and challenges currently being studied and discussed in the academia and industry, as well as the trends and solutions being proposed to address them.

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Section: Related Worksupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Volatile Memory File Systems: A Survey

et al. 2019

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“…In [100], the authors introduce architectural designs of PCM techniques to address the problems of limited write endurance, potential long latency, high energy writes, power dissipation, and some concerns for memory privacy. In [101], the authors present a comprehensive survey and review of PCM device related computer architectures and software. Some other interesting surveys such as [102] focuses on architecturally integrating four NVM technologies (PCM, MRAM, FeRAM, and ReRAM) into the existing storage hierarchy, or focuses on the software optimizations [103] of using NVMMs for storage and main memory systems.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our survey is different from those surveys in three-folds. First, the articles [100,101] both put a focus on the PCM system designs from the perspective of computer architecture. In contrast, our paper mainly focuses on system works of using hybrid memories from the dimensions of memory hierarchy, system software, and applications.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Non-Volatile Main Memory Technologies: State-of-the-Arts, Practices, and Future Directions

Liu

Chen

Jin

et al. 2021

J. Comput. Sci. Technol.

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Non-Volatile Main Memories (NVMMs) have recently emerged as a promising technology for future memory systems. Generally, NVMMs have many desirable properties such as high density, byte-addressability, non-volatility, low cost, and energy efficiency, at the expense of high write latency, high write power consumption, and limited write endurance. NVMMs have become a competitive alternative of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), and will fundamentally change the landscape of memory systems. They bring many research opportunities as well as challenges on system architectural designs, memory management in operating systems (OSes), and programming models for hybrid memory systems. In this article, we first revisit the landscape of emerging NVMM technologies, and then survey the state-of-the-art studies of NVMM technologies. We classify those studies with a taxonomy according to different dimensions such as memory architectures, data persistence, performance improvement, energy saving, and wear leveling. Second, to demonstrate the best practices in building NVMM systems, we introduce our recent work of hybrid memory system designs from the dimensions of architectures, systems, and applications. At last, we present our vision of future research directions of NVMMs and shed some light on design challenges and opportunities.

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