“…We propose to further develop the concept of the new cooperativism with the goals of highlighting the transformative vision for alternative socio-economic realities prefigured by co-operative initiatives throughout the world today, underscoring their connections to the commons, and differentiating solidarity based and socially-focused co-operatives from strictly member-focused ones (Ridley-Duff, 2020;Vieta, 2010aVieta, , 2014bVieta, , 2016Vieta, , 2018. Examples of the new cooperativism exist in, for instance, numerous contemporary experiments in collective organisation of socio-economic life in Latin America and among indigenous communities throughout the Americas that respond to and move beyond neoliberal capitalism (e.g., Giovannini & Vieta, 2017;Gudynas, 2011;Peredo & Chrisman, 2006;Peredo et al, 2019;Scott Cato & North, 2016;Vieta & Heras, 2022). These examples show that co-operatives are most effective as transformative organisations when they go beyond the economistic paradigm and mutual benefits to members and take their cue from ethical values that ground their commitments within the wider community -the site of the commons -as a key component of their purpose (MacPherson, 2012;Miner & Novkovic, 2020;Vieta, 2014a;Vieta & Lionais, 2015).…”