Retina

Ofri, Ron

doi:10.1016/b978-072160561-6.50018-6

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The b‐wave amplitude was 75.56 μv in the right eye and 33.89 μv in the left (normal retinal function for this unit is >100 μv). While the specific origin of the ERG b‐wave is controversial, it is currently thought to be the result of retinal bipolar cell activity . In common practice, b‐wave amplitude is considered the key indicator of retinal function …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ivermectin‐induced blindness treated with intravenous lipid therapy in a dog

Epstein

Hollingsworth

2013

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Ivermectin toxicity occurs in dogs with apparent blindness being a common clinical sign. This is the first case report of ivermectin-induced blindness evaluated with ERG before and after treatment with IVL in a dog unaffected by the multidrug resistance gene mutation. Treatment with an infusion of IVL therapy appeared to shorten the clinical course of disease in this patient without affecting ERG results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ivermectin‐induced blindness treated with intravenous lipid therapy in a dog

Epstein

Hollingsworth

2013

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…However, optic pathway degeneration was not observed in any of the examined Hol or F1 cattle. It is known that severe intraocular lesions can cause degenerative changes in the optic pathway [11, 12, 17, 25, 27, 28]. Among the cattle examined in this study, 4 of the 8 JB cattle that exhibited optic pathway degeneration also had ocular lesions, including 2 with keratitis, 1 with intraocular abscess and 1 with keratoconjunctivitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Degeneration of the optic pathway, such as the retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiation and cortex of the occipital lobe, has been reported in various animal species and humans [3, 7, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19, 22,23,24,25, 27, 29,30,31,32]. Vitamin A deficiency [14, 23, 24, 37], vitamin B12 deficiency [3, 15, 16, 18, 29, 30], injury to the retina and/or optic nerve [13, 27], trauma [22], optic neuritis [24, 37] and compression of the optic nerve by intraorbital or intracranial neoplasia [24, 37] are all potential causes of optic pathway degeneration.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optic pathway degeneration in Japanese black cattle

Chiba

Funato

Horiuchi

et al. 2015

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Degeneration of the optic pathway has been reported in various animal species including cattle. We experienced a case of bilateral optic tract degeneration characterized by severe gliosis in a Japanese black cattle without any obvious visual defects. To evaluate the significance, pathological nature and pathogenesis of the lesions, we examined the optic pathway in 60 cattle (41 Japanese black, 13 Holstein and 6 crossbreed) with or without ocular abnormalities. None of these animals had optic canal stenosis. Degenerative changes with severe gliosis in the optic pathway, which includes the optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tract, were only observed in 8 Japanese black cattle with or without ocular abnormalities. Furthermore, strong immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein was observed in the retinal stratum opticum and ganglion cell layer in all 5 cattle in which the optic pathway lesions could be examined. As etiological research, we also examined whether the concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin B12 or bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection was associated with optic pathway degeneration. However, our results suggested that the observed optic pathway degeneration was probably not caused by these factors. These facts indicate the presence of optic pathway degeneration characterized by severe gliosis that has never been reported in cattle without bilateral compressive lesions in the optic pathway or bilateral severe retinal atrophy.

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“…Acquired retinopathies can result from viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan or parasitic infections, as well as from immunological, or endocrinological diseases. They can also be caused by anemia, nutritional disorders, and cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension . Acquired retinopathies often result from chorioretinitis and posterior uveitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%