Retinal detachment and glaucoma in the Boston Terrier and Shih Tzu following phacoemulsification (135 patients): 2000–2014

Objective To identify the frequency of vitreous degeneration and its association with ocular comorbidities including cataracts, lens luxation, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. Methods This is a retrospective study of 4217 dogs from the Companion Animal Eye Registry (CAER) that underwent breed screening ophthalmic examinations between 2013 and 2016. The breeds analyzed included the Italian Greyhound, Shih Tzu, Affenpinscher, Bichon Frise, Brussels Griffon, Whippets, and Greyhound. Data collected from CAER included age, gender, number of examinations, and whether vitreous degeneration, along with cataracts, lens luxation, glaucoma and/or retinal detachment were present in either or both eyes. Results The study found that breed and age are significant drivers for developing VD. Italian Greyhounds, Brussels Griffons, and Shih Tzus have a significantly higher likelihood of VD compared to the negative control breed, the Greyhound. Additionally, with every 1‐year age increase, there is a 24% higher likelihood of developing VD. However, no association was identified between vitreous degeneration and cataracts, lens luxation, glaucoma, or retinal detachment. Conclusions While the study found that breed and age were significant drivers for developing VD, no association was found between VD and the other ocular comorbidities examined.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitreous degeneration and associated ocular abnormalities in the dog

Krishnan

Diehl

Stefanovski

et al. 2019

“…At two years, however, the success rate fell to 65% and 80% . Across studies, the most common causes of failure after phacoemulsification surgery are glaucoma and retinal detachment, with other less commonly reported complications including ocular surface diseases and endophthalmitis …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of outcomes in cataractous eyes of dogs undergoing phacoemulsification versus eyes not undergoing surgery

Krishnan

Hetzel

McLellan

et al. 2019

Objective To compare outcomes of surgical intervention and nonsurgical management of canine cataracts. Methods Records of patients examined for cataracts from January 2007 to February 2018 were divided into two groups: nonsurgical and surgical. The nonsurgical group was further subdivided based on whether the decision not to pursue surgery was elected by owners, or based on ophthalmologist's advice. Inclusion criteria included 6 months of follow‐up. Success in the nonsurgical group was defined as a comfortable eye with no potentially painful complications, and success in the surgical group additionally required vision. Time‐to‐failure (complications) was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 72 eyes (41 dogs) were included in the nonsurgical group, and 126 eyes (67 dogs) were surgically treated. There was no difference in gender or age; however, the surgical group had significantly more diabetic eyes (56.3% vs 15.3%; P < .001) and patient eyes with longer follow‐up times (median 37.6 months vs 22.1 months; P < .001) than the nonsurgical group. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates between the nonsurgical group (15/72 [20.8%]) and the surgical group (23/126 [18.3%]; HR: 2.22 [0.97, 5.0]; P = .060). However, the complication rate in the ophthalmologist‐led nonsurgical group was significantly greater than in the owner‐led nonsurgical group (P = .019) and the surgical group (P = .002). Conclusions When using relevant outcomes, whether or not a cataractous eye has surgery does not affect long‐term complications; additionally, nonsurgical eyes that are poor surgical candidates have a higher complication rate than eyes deemed suitable for phacoemulsification for which owners elected not to pursue cataract surgery.

“…Canine glaucoma is defined as either primary or secondary, the latter being caused by a clinically or histopathologically detectable underlying disease process. Secondary glaucoma is among the most feared complications following canine cataract surgery with an estimated incidence of 5%‐19% over a 2‐year postoperative period; in some breeds, such as Boston Terriers, Shih Tzus, and Labrador Retrievers, this glaucoma incidence can rise to 29%‐38%, suggesting a possible hereditary component . Current medical and surgical treatments aim at slowing vision loss by maintaining IOP at a healthy level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary glaucoma is among the most feared complications following canine cataract surgery with an estimated incidence of 5%-19% over a 2-year postoperative period; in some breeds, such as Boston Terriers, Shih Tzus, and Labrador Retrievers, this glaucoma incidence can rise to 29%-38%, suggesting a possible hereditary component. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Current medical and surgical treatments aim at slowing vision loss by maintaining IOP at a healthy level. The range of such a nondamaging IOP is poorly understood and likely varies between individuals based on factors such as the biomechanical properties of the eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of canine glaucoma therapy

Komàromy

Bras²,

Esson

et al. 2019

Canine glaucoma is a group of disorders that are generally associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting in a characteristic optic neuropathy. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in dogs and may be either primary or secondary. Despite the growing spectrum of medical and surgical therapies, there is no cure, and many affected dogs go blind. Often eyes are enucleated because of painfully high, uncontrollable IOP. While progressive vision loss due to primary glaucoma is considered preventable in some humans, this is mostly not true for dogs. There is an urgent need for more effective, affordable treatment options. Because newly developed glaucoma medications are emerging at a very slow rate and may not be effective in dogs, work toward improving surgical options may be the most rewarding approach in the near term. This Viewpoint Article summarizes the discussions and recommended research strategies of both a Think Tank and a Consortium focused on the development of more effective therapies for canine glaucoma; both were organized and funded by the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists Vision for Animals Foundation (ACVO‐VAF). The recommendations consist of (a) better understanding of disease mechanisms, (b) early glaucoma diagnosis and disease staging, (c) optimization of IOP‐lowering medical treatment, (d) new surgical therapies to control IOP, and (e) novel treatment strategies, such as gene and stem cell therapies, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration. In order to address these needs, increases in research funding specifically focused on canine glaucoma are necessary.