Abstract:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now a well-established modality for highresolution cross-sectional and three-dimensional imaging of transparent and translucent samples and tissues. Conventional, intensity based OCT, however, does not provide a tissuespecific contrast, causing an ambiguity with image interpretation in several cases. Polarization sensitive (PS) OCT draws advantage from the fact that several materials and tissues can change the light's polarization state, adding an additional contrast channel and providing quantitative information. In this paper, we review basic and advanced methods of PS-OCT and demonstrate its use in selected biomedical applications. Drexler, and J. G. Fujimoto, eds. (Springer, Cham, 2015), pp. 1137-1162. 6. J. F. de Boer and T. E. Milner, "Review of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography and Stokes vector determination," J. Biomed. Opt. 7(3), 359-371 (2002). 7. M. Pircher, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, "Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography in the Human Eye," Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 30(6), 431-451 (2011). 8. D. Stifter, "Beyond biomedicine: a review of alternative applications and developments for optical coherence tomography," Appl. Phys. B 88(3), 337-357 (2007). 9. R. C. Jones, "A new calculus for the treatment of optical systems I. Description and discussion of the calculus," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 31(7), 488-493 (1941). 10. J. J. Gil and E. Bernabeu, "Obtainment of the polarizing and retardation parameters of a non-depolarizing optical system from the polar decomposition of its Mueller matrix," Optik (Stuttg.) 76, 67-71 (1987). 11. C. F. Bohren and D. R. Huffman, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (Wiley Interscience, New York, NY, 1983). 12. W. A. Shurcliff and S. S. Ballard, Polarized Light (Van Nostrand, New York, 1964). 13. B. H. Park, C. Saxer, S. M. Srinivas, J. S. Nelson, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo burn depth determination by highspeed fiber-based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 6(4), 474-479 (2001). 14. B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, B. Cense, and J. F. de Boer, "Real-time multi-functional optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 11(7), 782-793 (2003). 15. C. E. Saxer, J. F. de Boer, B. H. Park, Y. Zhao, Z. Chen, and J. S. Nelson, "High-speed fiber based polarizationsensitive optical coherence tomography of in vivo human skin," Opt. Lett. 25(18), 1355-1357 (2000). Rylander, "Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography of the rabbit eye," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 5(4), 1159-1167 (1999 Schmidt-Erfurth, and S. Sacu, "Retinal pigment epithelial features in central serous chorioretinopathy identified by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 57(4), 1595-1603 (2016). 131. C. Schütze, C. Ahlers, M. Pircher, B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, F. Prager, G. Matt, S. Sacu, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, "Morphologic characteristics of idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia using spectraldomain and po...