Retinal Pathway Origins of the Pattern Electroretinogram (PERG)

Luo, Xunda; Frishman, Laura J.

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8376

Cited by 102 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As a consequence, the responses to a stimulus and its inverted stimulus cancel out when they are added: R(S 1 )+ R(-S 1 )= R(0)=0. As a result, when the responses to the two sawtooth stimuli of opposite polarity are added, any residual response reveals asymmetrical nonlinearities in the ERG response, most probably with post-receptoral origins (Luo & Frishman, 2011;Rodrigues et al, 2010). : ERG Responses measured in two subjects to rapid-on (left plots) and rapid-off (right plots) sawtooth stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetries in the contributions of On- and Off-mechanisms to the ERG signal.

Kremers¹

2013

Psychology & Neuroscience

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ERG responses were recorded to rapid-on and rapid-off L-and M-cone isolating sawtooth stimuli of different cone contrasts. In addition, the responses were recorded to simultaneous in-phase stimulation of the L-and M-cones at equal cone contrast. Linear responses to mirror imaged rapid-on and rapid-off sawtooth stimuli are also mirror imaged. By adding on-and offresponses, linear response components will cancel and nonlinearities will remain. Because nonlinearities that occur at a certain stage of visual processing will influence subsequent stages, linear response components will probably have an outer retinal origin and nonlinearities probably originate mainly in the inner (post-receptoral) retina.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only a few studies have concentrated upon a direct comparison between on-and off-responses by looking at symmetrical and asymmetrical components (Luo & Frishman, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetries in the contributions of On- and Off-mechanisms to the ERG signal.

Kremers¹

2013

Psychology & Neuroscience

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“…It should be noted that the FERG of human and nonhuman primates includes a late negative wave (called photopic negative response or PhNR) that is selectively reduced in conditions that impair RGC activity, such as glaucoma and TTX treatment. 26,27 There is little evidence that, in the mouse, the PhNR is selectively affected in the same conditions. 15,17 The present study also shows that TTX does not selectively impair the mouse PhNR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioelectric Field of the Pattern Electroretinogram in the Mouse

Chou

Porciatti

2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.To compare the bioelectric field associated with the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) with that of the flash electroretinogram (FERG) in the mouse.METHODS. PERGs and FERGs were recorded from each eye in 32 C57BL/6J mice using corneal silver loops referenced to a subcutaneous needle on the back of the head. PERG stimuli were horizontal gratings of 0.05 cycles per degree and 98% contrast reversing 2 times per second. Light-adapted FERG stimuli were bright strobe flashes. Stimuli were presented either monocularly or binocularly. In some experiments, TTX was injected in one eye and saline in the contralateral eye. RESULTS.The PERG recorded from the contralateral, occluded eye had slightly larger amplitude (1.14 3, P < 0.01) and longer latency (þ1.57 ms, P < 0.01) compared with the ipsilateral eye. Under binocular stimulation, the PERG amplitude was much larger (1.67 3, P < 0.01) than the monocular amplitude. TTX injected in the stimulated eye drastically reduced the PERG in both eyes. Monocular FERGs were recordable from the stimulated eye only and were moderately reduced by TTX. Binocular and monocular FERGs had similar amplitudes.CONCLUSIONS. PERG and FERG generate different bioelectric fields in the mouse. The PERG bioelectric field is consistent with a dipole model whose axis is orthogonal to the eye axis, whereas the standard dipole model for the FERG is coaxial. Possible sources of the PERG bioelectric field are unmyelinated optic nerve axons adjacent to the sclera. Results provide new insights on the generators of the PERG signal and its alterations in mouse models of glaucoma and optic nerve diseases. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:8086-8092)

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“…27 Interestingly, we found the pattern ERG offset response in our cohort to be of smaller amplitude than the pattern onset response. This was significant in the light increment condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Pattern Onset ERGs and VEPs Produced by Patterns Arising From Light Increment and Decrement

Fritsch

Sowden

Thompson

2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Our aim was to elaborate how on and off signals contribute to pattern ERGs and pattern visual evoked potentials (VEPs) by using pedestal patterns arising from incremental and decremental onset stimulation.METHODS. Pattern onset/offset ERGs and VEPs were produced by black and white checks of 60 0 side length and 88% spatial contrast appearing in a 168 field for 200 ms from white (110 cd/m 2 ), black (7 cd/m 2 ), and gray (48 cd/m 2 ) backgrounds and disappeared for 1000 ms. Twenty healthy subjects participated in the study (median age 19.5, range, 5-31 years), 10 of whom also underwent pattern onset/offset ERG recordings to the same stimuli (median age 25.7, range, 22-31 years). VEPs were recorded from an occipital array referred to Fz. Pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) were recorded from ''Dawson-Trick-Litzkow'' (DTL) plus corneal electrodes referred to ipsilateral outer canthi.RESULTS. There was high correlation within subjects of the VEP waveform produced by patterns arising from light increment and decrement (group mean correlation coefficient of PVEPs to check appearance from black versus white: 87%). An average of increment and decrement PERGs simulated the onset PERG from a gray background. This waveform is akin to standard International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) clinical PERGs to reversing checks.CONCLUSIONS. In healthy individuals, the early components of the pattern onset/offset VEP waveforms are comparable to light increment and decrement pedestal stimulation. Pattern onset/offset ERGs to pedestal stimulation may be used to probe simultaneous recording of ERGs with VEPs in order to obtain an assessment of retinal ganglion cell and optic pathway function in patients with less stable fixation.

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Retinal Pathway Origins of the Pattern Electroretinogram (PERG)

Abstract: Transient PERG receives nearly equal amplitude contributions from ON and OFF pathways. N95 reflects spiking activity of ganglion cells; P50 reflects nonspiking activity as well. Steady state PERG, in contrast, reflects mainly spike-related ON pathway activity.

Cited by 102 publications

References 45 publications

Asymmetries in the contributions of On- and Off-mechanisms to the ERG signal.

Asymmetries in the contributions of On- and Off-mechanisms to the ERG signal.

The Bioelectric Field of the Pattern Electroretinogram in the Mouse

Pattern Onset ERGs and VEPs Produced by Patterns Arising From Light Increment and Decrement

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