RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Mathematical Model for Vibration Behavior Analysis of DNA and Using a Resonant Frequency of DNA for Genome Engineering

Abstract

the DnA molecule is the most evolved and most complex molecule created by nature. the primary role of DnA in medicine is long-term storage of genetic information. Genetic modifying is one of the most critical challenges that scientists face. On the other hand, it is said that under the influence of acoustic, electromagnetic, and scalar waves, the genetic code of DnA can be read or rewritten. in this article, the most accurate and comprehensive dynamic model will be presented for DnA. each of the two strands is modeled with an out of plane curved beam and then by doubling this two strands with springs, consider the hydrogen bond strength between this two strands. Beams are traditionally descriptions of mechanical engineering structural elements or building. However, any structure such as automotive automobile frames, aircraft components, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural systems contain beam structures that are designed to carry lateral loads are analyzed similarly. Also, in this model, the mass of the nucleobases in the DNA structure, the effects of the fluid surrounding the DNA (nucleoplasm) and the effects of temperature changes are also considered. finally, by deriving governing equations from Hamilton's principle method and solving these equations with the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM), the frequency and mode shape of the DNA is obtained for the first time. In the end, validation of the obtained results from solving the governing equations of mathematical model compared to the obtained results from the coMSoL software is confirmed. By the help of these results, a conceptual idea for controlling cancer with using the DnA resonance frequency is presented. this idea will be presented to stop the cancerous cell's protein synthesis and modifying DnA sequence and genetic manipulation of the cell. on the other hand, by the presented DnA model and by obtaining DnA frequency, experimental studies of the effects of waves on DNA such as phantom effect or DNA teleportation can also be studied scientifically and precisely.

A Chirality-Based Quantum Leap

“…142 , 143 Which mechanism dominates transport depends on the coherence of the transport and Peierls-like instabilities. 144 A simple model for nearly filled orbitals underpins a proposed mechanism for CISS based on spin-selective transmission under a barrier, 141 as shown in Figure 17 . The mechanism is based on the torque-coupled interplay between electron spin and molecular angular momentum; both tunneling and hopping could be strongly influenced by spin polarization modifying the effective coherence length of ET.…”

“…116,117 Which mechanism dominates transport depends on the coherence of the transport and Peierls-like instabilities. 118 A simple model for nearly filled orbitals proposed a mechanism for CISS based on spin-selective transmission under a barrier, 119 as shown in Fig. 10.…”

“…Future models will need to include the two main mechanisms involved in charge transport in chiral biological molecules and polymers: tunneling and hopping. , Which mechanism dominates transport depends on the coherence of the transport and Peierls-like instabilities . A simple model for nearly filled orbitals underpins a proposed mechanism for CISS based on spin-selective transmission under a barrier, as shown in Figure .…”

Hydrogen Bonding in Natural and Unnatural Base Pairs—A Local Vibrational Mode Study

“…During electron transfer these bonds will couple with specific vibrational modes of the DNA strand changing the electronic properties of the DNA. It has been documented [ 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 ] that these changes can stretch over 10 to 80 nucleobases accompanied by a decrease of the corresponding normal frequencies. When the DNA body lengthens, it becomes more mobile and less rigid.…”

DNA Dynamics under Periodic Force Effects

“…Moreover, at certain resonance frequencies, the repulsive forces acting on the strands of the double helix lead to the damage and rupture of the strands of the molecule, or in the case of their longitudinal propagation (action of external forces along the axis of the DNA helix), stretching and unwinding of the double helix may occur [13,22,23], which makes nitrogenous bases much more vulnerable to damage under the influence of various mutagenic factors. Taking into account the fact that the natural frequency of the torque of a gene depends on the length of the DNA helix that forms it and, therefore, this value is specific for different types of cells and their genes, the calculation of the indicators of the natural frequency of DNA oscillations, for example, in the oncogenes or genes of microorganisms, followed by the effect of an external electromagnetic field of the corresponding intensity, can lead to the suppression of the expression of genes of bacteria and oncoproteins, i.e., to a decrease in the multiplication of biopathogens, and a decrease of the growth of tumor cells [24][25][26]. In addition, the determination of the equilibrium of a double helix under the impact of external influences is also of interest for calculating the optimal parameters of the structure of artificial magnetic substances and bianisotropic metamaterials [27,28].…”