RETRACTED ARTICLE: Carvacrol and PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, affects inhaled paraquat-induced lung injury in rats

Amin, Faisal Mohammad; Memarzia, Arghavan; Rad, Hamideh Kazemi; Kazerani, Hamid Reza; Boskabady, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87546-8

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This study was designed to evaluate the effects of simvastatin‐loaded in PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA‐SV NP) on pulmonary fibrosis induced by administration of inhaled PQ along with the possible mechanisms of these effects. The inhaled PQ dose (54 mg/m 3 ) and the duration of the study was selected based on previous published studies 26,30 . In our study, inhalation of PQ aerosol (54 mg/m 3 ) induced systemic inflammation and lung injury which confirmed with body weight loss, increased tracheal responsiveness to methacholine, lung histology changes, as well as elevated TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels in the serum are supported by several previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The rats were exposed to saline solution in the control group or different treatments of PQ in the other groups eight times, each time for 30 min, every other day, for 15 days. The route of exposure was inhalation through nebulizer (Omron CX3, Japan, particle size 3–5 μm) with air flow of 8 L/min and delivered to animals' head box with dimensions of 15 × 18 × 30 cm 26 . Animals were treated with SV (20 mg/kg, BW/day) or PLGA‐SV (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, BW/day) via inhalation 30 min after the end of the PQ exposure period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dose‐related positive effect of inhaled simvastatin‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles on paraquat‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats

Shahabadi

Moshiri

Roohbakhsh

et al. 2022

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Objective Pulmonary fibrosis is an important complication of subacute paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Here, we reported a novel nanotherapeutic platform for PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in animal inhalation models using simvastatin (SV)‐loaded into poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). Methods and Materials Eight inhalations of normal saline, PQ (24 mg/kg), PQ plus SV (20 mg/kg), PQ plus SV‐loaded PLGA NPs at doses of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg or PQ plus PLGA NPs were given to rats. After the end of the treatment period, inflammatory factors and creatine phosphokinase as well as lung pathological changes and tracheal responsiveness were evaluated. Results Inhalation of SV‐loaded PLGA NPs could significantly prevent the progression of PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis especially at a dose of 10 mg through decreasing the serum level of inflammatory factors as well as contractile responses (p < 0.001) compared to PQ group. Pathological findings also confirmed the results. However, inhalation of non‐formulated SV could not prevent tissue damage and fibrosis in comparision with SV‐loaded PLGA NPs. Conclusion Taken together, the present work provides us an idea about the pulmonary delivery of PLGA‐SV NPs using nebulizer for the treatment of PQ poisoning. However, the efficacy of this formulation in human beings and clinical use needs to be more investigated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dose‐related positive effect of inhaled simvastatin‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles on paraquat‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats

Shahabadi

Moshiri

Roohbakhsh

et al. 2022

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…In a model of inhaled paraquat (PQ)‐induced lung injury, the effects of carvacrol (20 and 80 mg/kg/day, for 16 days), pioglitazone (5 and 10 mg/kg/day), pioglitazone + carvacrol combination, and 0.03 mg /kg/day dexamethasone were examined for 16 days after the end of paraquat exposure. The results demonstrated that lung pathological changes, TR to methacholine and OVA, TGF‐β, and IL‐6 level in the lung tissue homogenize as well as oxidant and antioxidant levels were increased in paraquat group which significantly ameliorated by carvacrol and pioglitazone dose‐dependently as well as the combination of carvacrol + pioglitazone similar to the effect of dexamethasone (Amin, Memarzia, Rad, Kazerani, & Boskabady, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

The effect of Zataria multiflora on respiratory allergic and immunologic disorders, experimental and clinical evidence: A comprehensive review

Ghorani

Beigoli

Khazdair

et al. 2022

Phytotherapy Research

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Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) is used in traditional and modern medicine for therapeutic objectives especially in respiratory disorders. Therefore, updated experimental and clinical studies on the effects of Z. multiflora on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders are reviewed. Various electronic search engines including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using appropriate keywords until the end of November 2021. Books, thesis-hard copies of some articles were also included. The effects of Z. multiflora on respiratory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung infection, and lung cancer were shown. Extracts of Z. multiflora showed the relaxant effect with various mechanisms. The preventive effects of Z. multiflora were also demonstrated by mechanisms such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiinflammatory properties in the experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases. Carvacrol and thymol are probably responsible for the therapeutic effect of plant among 56 constituents of Z. multiflora. In addition, bronchodilatory and preventive effects of the plant and its constituents on asthma, COPD, lung disorders due to noxious agents and allergic and immunologic disorders were shown in the clinical studies. Therefore Z. multiflora and its constituents may be considered as a preventive and/or relieving therapy in various respiratory diseases.

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“…The effects of Z. multiflora extract and pioglitazone on cytokine levels in PQ-exposed rats were supported by the above studies. The protective effect of carvacrol, one of the main constituents of this plant on lung inflammation induced by inhaled PQ, was also reported [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Zataria multiflora and Pioglitazone Affect Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Inhaled Paraquat in Rats

Amin

Memarzia

Roohbakhsh

et al. 2021

Mediators of Inflammation

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The effects of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) and pioglitazone (a PPAR-γ agonist) alone and in combination, on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by inhaled paraquat (PQ) as a herbicide, which induced inflammation in rats, were examined. Rats were exposed to (1) saline (control) and (2) 54 mg/m3 PQ aerosols (8 times, every other day, each time for 30 min) without treatment or treated with (3 and 4) two doses of Z. multiflora (200 and 800 mg/kg/day), (5 and 6) two doses of pioglitazone (5 and 10 mg/kg/day), (7) low doses of Z . m u l t i f l o r a + pioglitazone , (Pio-5+Z-200 mg/kg/day) or (8) dexamethasone (0.03 mg/kg/day) for 16 days, after the last PQ exposure. Different variables were measured at the end of the treatment period. Exposure to PQ significantly increased total and differential white blood cells (WBC) counts, serum levels of nitrite (NO2), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin- (IL) 17, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), but reduced thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), IL-10, and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) ( p < 0.05 to p < 0.001 ). Most measured parameters were significantly improved in groups treated with either doses of the extract, pioglitazone, Pio-5+Z-200 mg/kg/day, or dexamethasone compared to the PQ group ( p < 0.05 to p < 0.001 ). The combination of low doses of Pio-5+Z-200 mg/kg/day showed significantly higher effects compared to each one alone ( p < 0.05 to p < 0.001 ). Systemic oxidative stress and inflammation due to inhaled PQ were improved by Z. multiflora and pioglitazone. Higher effects of Pio-5+Z-200 mg/kg/day compared to each one alone suggest modulation of PPAR-γ receptors by the plant extract, but further studies using PPAR-γ antagonists need to be done in this regard.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Carvacrol and PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, affects inhaled paraquat-induced lung injury in rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

A dose‐related positive effect of inhaled simvastatin‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles on paraquat‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats

A dose‐related positive effect of inhaled simvastatin‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles on paraquat‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats

The effect of Zataria multiflora on respiratory allergic and immunologic disorders, experimental and clinical evidence: A comprehensive review

Zataria multiflora and Pioglitazone Affect Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Inhaled Paraquat in Rats

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