RETRACTED ARTICLE: Interferon-mediated antiviral activities of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its active components

Abstract

Angelica tenuissima Nakai is a widely used commodity in traditional medicine. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted on the antiviral and immune-modulatory properties of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral activities and the mechanism of action of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, an effective dose of Angelica tenuissima Nakai markedly inhibited the replication of Influenza A virus (PR8), Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Coxsackie virus, and Enterovirus (EV-71) on epithelial (HEK293T/HeLa) and immune (RAW264.7) cells. Such inhibition can be described by the induction of the antiviral state in cells by antiviral, IFNrelated gene induction and secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated BALB/c mice displayed higher survivability and lower lung viral titers when challenged with lethal doses of highly pathogenic influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H5N2, H7N3, and H9N2). We also found that Angelica tenuissima Nakai can induce the secretion of IL-6, IFN-λ, and local IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated mice, which correlating with the observed prophylactic effects. In HPLC analysis, we found the presence of several compounds in the aqueous fraction and among them; we evaluated antiviral properties of ferulic acid. Therefore, an extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its components, including ferulic acid, play roles as immunomodulators and may be potential candidates for novel anti-viral/anti-influenza agents.

Fermented Angelicae tenussimae with Aspergillus oryzae Improves Skin Barrier Properties, Moisturizing, and Anti-Inflammatory Responses

“…tenuissima ) is one of the traditional Asian medicines that has been used to treat headaches, diarrhea, epilepsy, rheumatic arthritis, and gynecological diseases and anemia for women [ 9 ]. Recently, it has been demonstrated to have various anti-viral, anti-osteoporosis, and anti-inflammatory effects [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In our previous study, it was confirmed that fermented A. tenuissima root (FAT) had an anti-melanogenetic effect, and we found that the content of ligustilide, and one of the active compounds, was higher during fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Canine Parvoviral Enteritis Mortality in Shelter Dogs Receiving Conventional Medical Therapy Compared to Integrative Treatment with the Chinese Herbal Medicine, Zhi Li Tang: A Pilot Study

“…Phellodendron, Coptis, Scutellaria, Gardenia, Sanguisorba, Atractylodes, Angelica, Paeonia, Saussurea and Chinese Licorice have both antiviral and anti-bacterial effects. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Pinellia, Paeonia, Astragalus, Dioscorea, and Aurantium have antibacterial activity. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] All herbs in this Chinese medicine formula with the exception of Phellodendron and Pinellia help alleviate pain (Table 2).…”