RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mycoplasmosis in poultry: update on diagnosis and preventive measures

Umar, Sajid; Munir, Muhammad; Rehman, Zaib Ur; Subhan, S.; Azam, Tariq U.; Shah, Muhammad Ali

doi:10.1017/s0043933916000830

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…To reduce the risk of these infections in bird populations and to assess the sanitary control of poultry, it is crucial to know and monitor these mycoplasmas in the environment by epidemiological surveys and laboratory tests associated with the development and implementation of strict standards and procedures in livestock (Vilani 2006). The mycoplasmic diagnosis can be presumptive with clinical and epidemiological, anatomopathological, serological, and etiological evaluations by agent isolation or PCR (Nascimento et al 2005, Umar et al 2017. Because these microorganisms are tedious, requiring enriched culture media, and they are slow to grow exponentially, bacteriological isolation has been used in conjunction with molecular techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mycoplasma spp. in birds of the Rio de Janeiro Zoo by isolation and PCR

et al. 2020

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Brazil is one of the countries with the most abundant avifauna in the world. The confinement of birds associated with close contact with other animals and humans favor the spread of agents of respiratory diseases. Among them, mycoplasmas can cause asymptomatic or apparent disease that manifests in birds by coughing, sneezing, rales, conjunctivitis, ocular and nasal discharge. Several described mycoplasmas cause disease in birds, especially Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) andMycoplasma synoviae(MS). The diagnosis ofMycoplasmaspp. can be done by clinical observation and laboratory analysis. Molecular diagnosis by PCR was boosted by its speed, sensitivity, and low cost of agent isolation techniques that take up to 21 days to complete. This study aimed to verify the occurrence ofMycoplasmaspp. in birds of the Rio de Janeiro Zoo (Rio Zoo), by isolation and PCR. Of the total 635 birds from the Rio Zoo, 81 were studied for detection ofMycoplasmaspp., when taken for routine health assessment exams. These birds belonged to the following orders: Psittaciformes (45), Accipitriformes (18), Galliformes (7), Piciformes (5), Strigiformes (4), Falconiformes (1) and Cariamiformes (1), all individuals already identified by microchip or leg-ring. There was no isolation of mycoplasmas in any of the samples tested, whereas, in the PCR, 62.96% (51/81) were positive, with 1.96% (1/51) identified as MG and 19.61% (10/51) as MS, representing 1.23% (1/81) and 12.34% (10/81) of the total population studied. PCR was shown to be a more effective technique than isolation in the detection ofMycoplasmaspp. in birds. It was possible to detect mycoplasmas in birds from Riozoo with no clinical respiratory signs, with higher MS prevalence than MG. The positivities forMycoplasmaspp., MS, and MG were different among the orders studied, being the highest occurrence in birds of prey, followed by Galliformes and Piciformes. The presence of MG and MS in birds of Rio de Janeiro Zoo confirms the circulation of these agents and the need for further studies on the dissemination of mycoplasmas in zoos for the epidemiological analysis of these bacteria in these places.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mycoplasma spp. in birds of the Rio de Janeiro Zoo by isolation and PCR

et al. 2020

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“…An early diagnosis of mycoplasmosis is critical in preventing the spread of infection. Detection of Mycoplasma DNA in infected birds by PCR is a quick method of diagnosis (Umar et al, 2017). Antibiotics are used to treat MG infection and transmission, and to reduce egg production losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mycoplasmosis and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Commercial Chicken Flocks of Rawalpindi Division, Pakistan

Khatoon¹

2018

PVJ

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Involvement of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in respiratory disease in commercial chicken showing respiratory signs was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 124 suspected cases, 50 (40.32%) were found to be positive for MG and 17 (13.70%) were positive for MS. The MG isolates were recovered from birds and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by the broth microdilution method. Tilmicosin with MIC90 and MIC50 values of 3.12 and 6.25 µg/ml were found to be the most effective drug, followed by tylosin, erythromycin and enrofloxacin, all of which gave MIC90 and MIC50 values of 6.25 and 12.5 µg/ml respectively. Oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline were found to be the least effective drugs and the MIC90 value for both these antibiotics was 100.0. The MIC values for various antibiotics recorded in this study were generally higher compared to those found in previous investigations.

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“…Vaccination is recommended only in areas where exposure to MGs is unavoidable. The three live vaccines commercially available in the world include strain F, 6/85, and ts-11, which induce vaccine strain replacement in multiage poultry farms [1,2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of Iranian Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates using gene-targeted sequencing of complete pvpA gene

Kabiri¹,

Bashashati²,

Marandi³

et al. 2019

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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This study aims to evaluate Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) genetic diversity through the complete sequencing of the pvpA gene among six MG isolates present in industrial poultry from 2015 to 2016. The genetic comparison of these six isolates showed similarities of over 94% and 92% in terms of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. The size of the PvpA protein in the studied isolates included three different sizes with 361, 364, and 366 amino acids. The carboxy-terminus of the studied PvpA proteins contained 11 tetrapeptides of P-R-P-M/Q/N motifs with truncation in the proline-rich region. Based on the BLAST analysis, the pvpA genes of six MGs were closely related to isolates from house finch in the USA and the S6 strain. According to the phylogenetic analysis, two isolates were located along with the S6 strain that showed an outgroup association with MG isolates from Germany, China, and the USA. Other isolates of this study were placed in a separate cluster with MGs isolated from Iran during 2006-2013. The results of this study are useful to recognize the circulating genotypes in Iran and their differences from other MGs from different parts of the world. In addition, continuous monitoring of poultry flocks could be significant for obtaining valuable information related to different MG strains and designing effective control strategies.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mycoplasmosis in poultry: update on diagnosis and preventive measures

Cited by 28 publications

References 50 publications

Investigation of Mycoplasma spp. in birds of the Rio de Janeiro Zoo by isolation and PCR

Investigation of Mycoplasma spp. in birds of the Rio de Janeiro Zoo by isolation and PCR

Prevalence of Mycoplasmosis and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Commercial Chicken Flocks of Rawalpindi Division, Pakistan

Genetic analysis of Iranian Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates using gene-targeted sequencing of complete pvpA gene

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