[Retracted] Current Status of Malignant Tumors after Organ Transplantation

Abstract

Objective. To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of patients with concomitant malignant tumors after organ transplantation by compiling data from organ transplantation patients. Methods. By searching CNKI and PubMed databases, we made a systematic analysis of the studies of postorgan transplantation complicating malignant tumors in the last decade. Results. There were 10 articles on malignant tumors after renal transplantation, 8 articles on liver transplantation, 2 articles on heart transplantation, and 1 article on lung transplantation. The incidence of malignant tumors complicating renal transplantation is 10.4% in Europe, with skin cancer and Kaposi’s sarcoma being common; the incidence in the United States is 3.4%, with PTLD having the highest incidence; the incidence of malignant tumors is relatively lowest in Asia, with gastrointestinal malignancies being the main ones. The mean time to complication of malignancy after renal transplantation is 3.83 years. The incidence of concurrent malignancies after liver transplantation is 8.8% in Europe, where skin cancer and Kaposi’s sarcoma are common; 5.6% in Asia, where gastrointestinal tract tumors are prevalent; and 4.5% in the United States, where gastrointestinal tract tumors, PTLD, and hematologic diseases are predominant. The mean time to complication of malignancy after liver transplantation is 4.79 years. The incidence of malignancy after heart transplantation is 6.8-10.7%. The incidence of malignancy after lung transplantation is about 10.1%. Minimization of immunosuppression or modification of immunosuppression regimens may be a key component of cancer prevention. mTOR inhibitors and phenolate (MMF) reduce the incidence of de novo malignancies in patients after solid organ transplantation. Surgical treatment improves survival in patients with early malignancies. The use of external beam radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is limited due to the risk of radiation liver disease. Conclusions. The risk of concomitant malignancy needs to be guarded for 5 years of immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation surgery. Adjusting the immunosuppressive treatment regimen is an effective way to reduce concurrent malignancies. Systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy requires vigilance against the toxic effects of drug metabolism kinetics on the transplanted organ.

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma in a Liver Transplant Recipient: A Case Report of an Extremely Rare Tumor

“…In liver transplant recipients, minimization/modification of immunosuppression may be a key component of cancer prevention because the effect of immunosuppression on carcinogenesis seems to be dose-dependent [10] . However, the risk of rejection and the benefits of cancer prevention need to be carefully weighed.…”

Immunotherapy and Antivascular Targeted Therapy in Patients’ Treatment with Concurrent Malignant Tumors after Organ Transplantation: Opportunity or Challenge

“…Retrospective data analysis suggests that antivascular targeted therapy has also shown good disease control rates in patients with specific tumors after organ transplantation. Data on antivascular targets combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in organ transplant are lacking [ 57 ]. Our study data show that antivascular targeted therapy has a DCR rate of approximately 60% and does not significantly increase the risk of organ rejection, and although the data are dominated by a limited number of empirical cases, it is still one of the options worthy of consideration by physicians.…”

Rapidly progressive pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure in a heart and kidney transplant recipient

“… 6 , 7 There is a nearly 9% risk of developing a noncutaneous nonlymphomatous malignancy at 5 years, and for all malignancies, there is a 30% incidence rate at 10 years of post‐SOT. 8 , 9 Therefore, early detection and screening in post‐transplant patients is imperative to improve long‐term mortality. Our patient's risk factors for post‐transplant malignancy included being a male recipient, his age, and prior tobacco use history, as well as a high dose of mycophenolate because of his higher risk of rejection based on African American race.…”

“…Young patients who undergo solid‐organ transplantation (SOT) have decreased life expectancy when compared to the general population due to post‐transplantation complications such as acute or chronic graft rejection, infection, and death from malignancy 6,7 . There is a nearly 9% risk of developing a noncutaneous nonlymphomatous malignancy at 5 years, and for all malignancies, there is a 30% incidence rate at 10 years of post‐SOT 8,9 . Therefore, early detection and screening in post‐transplant patients is imperative to improve long‐term mortality.…”