RETRACTED: Occurrence and Seasonal Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Heterotrophic Bacteria and Physico-chemical Characteristics of Muthupettai Mangrove Environment, Southeast Coast of India

Abstract

A study on antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria and physicochemical characteristics of water and sediment in mangrove environment of Muthupettai, Southeast coast of India was carried out during April 2006 -March 2007. Six stations in and around the mangrove sites were selected for sampling and the following parameters were recorded at monthly intervals temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, total phosphorus, ammonia, silicate and total organic carbon. The levels of resistance of bacterial to various antibiotics differed considerably. Antibiotic resistance heterotrophic bacteria strains (six hundred and eighty) were isolated from mangrove environment and identified. Bacteria which inhabiting an aquaculture pond area of the mangrove and the station 2 were most resistant; the least resistant bacteria were isolated from the station 6, i.e., open sea. Generally, there was no significant difference in antibiotic resistance between pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria. When compared to nutrient distribution, water nutrients were consistently higher in the mangrove environment. Partially treated aquaculture waste water is having additional sources of nutrients. Although, the mangrove habitat has been demonstrated to possess self-cleaning properties, data obtained warms possible anthropogenic pollution in the mangrove area in near future if the present conditions prevailed for a long period.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Recreational Waters and Beach Sand in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

“…Humans and animals have been reported as sources of antibiotic-resistant organisms in water environments and can transfer antibiotic resistance genes to other pathogens and naturally occurring water microbes through transposons, plasmids and integrons [ 47 , 48 ]. Bacteria isolated from beach sand, seawater and sediments have recorded resistance to various antimicrobials [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus-like organisms isolated from a recreational sea beach on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea as one of the consequences of anthropogenic pressure

“…Resistance of bacteria occurring in marine ecosystems to different antibiotics was recorded in seawater, sediments and beach sand (Schwartz et al 2003, Mudryk 2005, Mudryk et al 2010, Oliveira et al 2010, Manivasagan et al 2011. The rapid increase in the number of resistant and multiresistant aquatic bacteria is partly due to their ability to transfer antibiotic resistance agents (plasmids, transposons and integrons) among bacterial populations by cell to cell contact (Oliveira et al 2010).…”

“…Adaptive responses of bacterial communities to several antibiotics documented in the present study may have some potential implications for the public health (Ramesh et al 2010). According to Manivasagan et al (2011), the difference in the percentage of bacteria resistant to various antibiotics may reflect the history of antibiotics' application and hence may serve as an indicator. Reinthaler et al (2003) and Mudryk (2005) showed that bacterial resistance to antibiotics depended on their chemical structure; the results of the present study also support this finding.…”

“…Bacteria occurring in aquatic ecosystems show multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) (Soge et al 2009, Mudryk et al 2010, Manivasagan et al 2011). According to Herwig et al (1997) and MeirellesPereira et al (2002) multiple resistance may be coded on plasmids and mobile genetic elements called transposons.…”

Bacterial Isolates of Marine Coast as Commercial Producer of Protease

“…The metal accumulating (Cu, Cd, Ni, Vd) property of some marine bacteria make them potential sources for bioremediation (De et al, 2006;Miranda and Rojas, 2006). Bacterial isolates from marine waters demonstrated varying degrees of resistance to antibiotics like Chloramphenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and kanamycin (Manivasagan et al, 2011;Souza et al, 2006). Certain bacterial isolates from marine coast of West Bengal have already been isolated and characterized.…”