[Retracted] Selection of the Male or Female Sex in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress‐Induced Animal Models of Depression

Jiang, Shuo; Lin, Ling; Guan, Lihua; Wu, Youming

doi:10.1155/2022/2602276

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…in many cases are conflicting. Specifically, although findings indicate that females are more vulnerable to the negative behavioral effects and neuroendocrine alterations following chronic exposure to stressful conditions (Dalla et al, 2005;Kwarteng et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2019;Smith et al, 2018;Vieira et al, 2018;Xing et al, 2013), other studies indicate that chronic stress is more likely to induce depressive and anxiety-like behavior in male animals (Iqbal et al, 2020;Jiang et al, 2022;Renard et al, 2005;Van Boxelaere et al, 2017). Males also exhibit increased HPA axis reactivity to short stress exposure (Lehmann et al, 1999;Reich et al, 2009;Wigger & Neumann, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment initiated in adolescence restores the reduced expression of synaptophysin and GFAP in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats in a sex‐specific manner

Dandi,

Theotokis,

Petri

et al. 2023

Developmental Psychobiology

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This study aims at investigating whether environmental enrichment (EE) initiated in adolescence can alter chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)‐associated changes in astroglial and synaptic plasticity markers in male and female rats. To this end, we studied possible alterations in hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin (SYN) in CUS rats previously housed in EE. Wistar rats on postnatal day (PND) 23 were housed for 10 weeks in standard housing (SH) or enriched conditions. On PND 66, animals were exposed to CUS for 4 weeks. SYN and GFAP expressions were evaluated in CA1 and CA3 subfields and dentate gyrus (DG). CUS reduced the expression of SYN in all hippocampal areas, whereas lower GFAP expression was evident only in CA1 and CA3. The reduced expression of SYN in DG and CA3 was evident to male SH/CUS rats, whereas the reduced GFAP expression in CA1 and CA3 was limited to SH/CUS females. EE housing increased the hippocampal expression of both markers and protected against CUS‐associated decreases. Our findings indicate that the decreases in the expression of SYN and GFAP following CUS are region and sex‐specific and underline the neuroprotective role of EE against these CUS‐associated changes.

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confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment initiated in adolescence restores the reduced expression of synaptophysin and GFAP in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats in a sex‐specific manner

Dandi,

Theotokis,

Petri

et al. 2023

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Sex is a determinant of susceptibility to CUMS-induced depressive behavior, and male rodents are more vulnerable and are more commonly utilized. 50 In addition, the older mice that has passed sexual maturation markers would be more suitable for depression-related studies. We used young male mice in this study; however, the effect of PD on older male and female mice should be critical and remained to be investigated.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, dose-related toxicity is not deciphered, which will be addressed in more detailed follow-up studies. Sex is a determinant of susceptibility to CUMS-induced depressive behavior, and male rodents are more vulnerable and are more commonly utilized . In addition, the older mice that has passed sexual maturation markers would be more suitable for depression-related studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polydatin Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Depressive and Anxiety-like Behaviors in a Mouse Model

Wang

Men

Wang

2023

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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We aimed to investigate whether polydatin could suppress stress-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in a mouse model. Mice were divided into the control group, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exposure group, and CUMS mice treated with polydatin group. Following CUMS exposure and polydatin treatment, mice were subjected to behavioral assays to assess depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors. Synaptic function was determined by the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and synaptophysin (SYN) in the hippocampus and cultured hippocampal neurons. The number and length of dendrites were assessed in cultured hippocampal neurons. Finally, we investigated the effect of polydatin on CUMS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus by measuring inflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as components of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Polydatin alleviated CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors in forced swimming, tail suspension and sucrose preference tests, and anxiety-like behaviors in marble-burying and elevated plus maze tests. Polydatin increased the number and length of dendrites of cultured hippocampal neurons from mice exposed to CUMS and alleviated CUMS-induced synaptic deficits by restoring BDNF, PSD95, and SYN levels in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, polydatin inhibited CUMS-induced hippocampal inflammation and oxidative stress and suppressed the activation of NFκB and Nrf2 pathways. Our study suggests that polydatin may be an effective drug for the treatment of affective disorders through inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Our current findings warrant further study to investigate the potential clinical application of polydatin.

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“…However, the most significant and stable decrease is observed only in males [ 200 ]. Despite the obvious differences between females and males, currently, male rodents are used in the CUMS model of depression much more frequently than females [ 201 ].…”

Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model of Depression: Possible Sources of Poor Reproducibility and Latent Variables

Markov

Новосадова

2022

Biology

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mood disorders worldwide. A lack of understanding of the exact neurobiological mechanisms of depression complicates the search for new effective drugs. Animal models are an important tool in the search for new approaches to the treatment of this disorder. All animal models of depression have certain advantages and disadvantages. We often hear that the main drawback of the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression is its poor reproducibility, but rarely does anyone try to find the real causes and sources of such poor reproducibility. Analyzing the articles available in the PubMed database, we tried to identify the factors that may be the sources of the poor reproducibility of CUMS. Among such factors, there may be chronic sleep deprivation, painful stressors, social stress, the difference in sex and age of animals, different stress susceptibility of different animal strains, handling quality, habituation to stressful factors, various combinations of physical and psychological stressors in the CUMS protocol, the influence of olfactory and auditory stimuli on animals, as well as the possible influence of various other factors that are rarely taken into account by researchers. We assume that careful inspection of these factors will increase the reproducibility of the CUMS model between laboratories and allow to make the interpretation of the obtained results and their comparison between laboratories to be more adequate.

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[Retracted] Selection of the Male or Female Sex in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress‐Induced Animal Models of Depression

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Environmental enrichment initiated in adolescence restores the reduced expression of synaptophysin and GFAP in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats in a sex‐specific manner

Environmental enrichment initiated in adolescence restores the reduced expression of synaptophysin and GFAP in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats in a sex‐specific manner

Polydatin Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Depressive and Anxiety-like Behaviors in a Mouse Model

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model of Depression: Possible Sources of Poor Reproducibility and Latent Variables

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