Retracted: The evolution of predictive oncology and molecular‐based therapy for oral cancer prevention

Abstract

More than 300,000 new cases worldwide are being diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma annually. This aggressive epithelial malignancy is associated with a high mortality and severe morbidity among the long-term survivors. The ability to intervene prior to this advanced stage may improve treatment results. This requires the early identification of molecular events that represent early phases of malignant transition, which is possible through measurement of DNA ploidy in epithelial cells of oral leukoplakia. Recently, we showed that patients with aneuploid dysplastic oral lesions had a 96% rate of oral cancer (26 of the 27 patients received the diagnosis) with a 70% rate within three years, an 81% rate of subsequent cancer (22 of 27), a 74% rate of death from cancer (21 of 27) and virtually no help from complete resection-all hallmarks of biologically aggressive cancer. Standard treatment of oral leukoplakia-a precursor lesion of oral cancer-varies from watchful waiting to complete resection. We have recently demonstrated that complete resection of aneuploid oral leukoplakia does not prevent the occurrence of clinically aggressive and highly lethal oral cancer. Oral carcinogenesis is a complex multifocal process of multiclonal field carcinogenesis and intraepithelial clonal spread. The multifocal nature of early oral carcinogenesis may hinder local treatment modalities. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), either alone or in combination, may be used for reversing or stopping the oral carcinogenesis at an early stage of disease. The failure of standard treatment to control aneuploid oral leukoplakia justifies clinical trials with new treatment modalities, such as systemic therapy with molecular targeting agents, which in patients with aggressive leukoplakia is tantamount to cancer therapy. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: leukoplakia; cancer prevention; molecular-based therapy; targeted therapy; predictive oncology; aneuploidy EpidemiologyMore than 300,000 new cases worldwide are being diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma annually. This aggressive epithelial malignancy is associated with severe morbidity and less than 50% long-term survival despite advances in treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The poor prognosis of oral cancer has not improved significantly over the last 4 decades.

Small interfering RNA-induced CHFR silencing sensitizes oral squamous cell cancer cells to microtubule inhibitors

“…1 The etiology of OSCC, specifically carcinoma of the tongue, is well established and mainly involves the use of tobacco and alcohol. Unfortunately, the prognosis of OSCC patients is poor and has not improved significantly over the last four decades.…”

P16 Expression Correlation with Clinicopathological Features of Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients in Bali

“…4, 5 The incident is estimated at 270,000 cases in men (5% of all cancers) and 119,000 (2.5%) in women. Two-thirds of the cases (67%) were reported from developing countries with a ratio of male and female 3-4:1.…”

Marcadores de senescencia celular en cáncer y precáncer oral

“…En las últimas décadas se ha observado un aumento significativo de la incidencia de cáncer oral y de la mortalidad asociada en Europa y muy especialmente en población adulta joven (1). En algunos países en desarrollo, casi la mitad de los pacientes en los departamentos de oncología padecen cáncer en la cavidad oral, en una gran parte debido a exposición a carcinógenos como el tabaco (2).…”

“…Esta agresiva neoplasia epitelial esta asociada a una severa morbilidad y menos del 50% de supervivencia a largo plazo a pesar de los avances en el tratamiento quirúrgico, con radioterapia y/o quimioterapia. La posibilidad de intervenir antes de llegar a estadios avanzados podría mejorar los resultados del tratamiento (2). Estos procesos malignos van en ocasiones precedidos de lesiones cancerizables especialmente la leucoplasia.…”

“…Aunque ciertas características clínicas e histológicas se han asociado con cierta progresión de las lesiones leucoplásicas orales, no hay una clara correlación entre los diferentes grados de displasia en relación al pronóstico, de tal manera que grados leve de displasia han evolucionado a carcinomas in situ, mientras que displasias severas no han evolucionado a carcinoma (2,5).…”