Retraction: Are conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers good or bad trans fats?

Abstract

Even though trans fatty acids (TFAs) are present in natural sources such as foods from ruminant origins, the development of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil contributed to a significant increase in total TFAs consumption in humans. Currently, TFA consumption is considered to be a risk factor for coronary heart diseases. Researchers are now starting to discover that not all TFAs behave in a similar manner, that is, isomer specificity may be found. Among non-conjugated TFAs, plant originated TFAs (mainly elaidic and linolelaidic acids) are particularly linked to increased risk for coronary heart diseases, while animal originated TFAs (mainly vaccenic acid) are not. Among conjugated TFAs, two major isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12, show distinctive biological activities. A number of clinical trials of CLA with effects on body composition have been reported, but effects on coronary heart disease risk factors have been inconsistent. Meanwhile, safety concerns regarding CLA, in particular isomer specificity, have also been raised. Thus, it is critical to identify isomer specific effects of TFAs on particular risk factors, to determine their health impact.

Biohidrogenação ruminal e os principais impactos no perfil de ácidos graxos da carne: revisão

“…O CLA foi encontrado em maior concentração em uma ampla variedade de alimentos com carne e leite de ruminantes por Chin et al (1992). Kepler e Tove (1971) (Yavary et al, 2010). O CLA demonstrou potencial para reduzir o câncer em vários órgãos de animais, como a pele, o estômago, o cólon, a glândula mamária e o fígado (Kelley et al, 2007).…”

Transformation of Methyl Linoleate to its Conjugated Derivatives with Simple Pd(OAc)2/Lewis Acid Catalyst

“…Recently, versatile vegetable oils have attracted attention for industrial applications because of their renewable availability with expanded growth as needed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Beside their wide applications as biofuel after transesterification, transformation of vegetable oils to conjugated derivatives is also very attractive [8][9][10]. For example, conjugated methyl linoleate (CML) has large markets in the preparation of biopolymers and drying oils for paints and coatings, and they are also used in versatile nutritional, therapeutic and pharmacologic applications because of their beneficial physiological effects [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”