Retrofit design of a pharmaceutical batch process considering green chemistry and engineering principles

Decision-Making for Sustainability Enhancement of Chemical Systems under Uncertainties: Combining the Vector-Based Multiattribute Decision-Making Method with Weighted Multiobjective Optimization Technique

“…In this step, the candidate technologies were suggested as feasible solutions for the sustainability enhancement, which are commonly provided by professional experts via the approaches like experience-based methods, experimental tests, and computer simulation, and so on. 5,33 Although this action relies heavily on the experts' knowledge and experiences, a variety of tools 7,8,10 and guidelines 34,35 can be referred for systematically detecting the bottlenecks and then generating the possible retrofit technologies. In this study, the recommended technologies are decision variables, which can be directly defined as T j (j = 1, 2, ..., m), referring to the jth technology among a set of m recommendations.…”

“…42 Industrial 1) are used to establish the interval comparison matrix (A) as given in eq 2. For instance, the interval number of [5,7] denotes that the relative importance of one objective over another is between the degrees of essential importance (5) and very strong importance (7), while [1,1] implies that the two objectives are of equal importance.…”

Integrated batch process development based on mixed-logic dynamic optimization

“…Additionally, the synthesis of new processing schemes in retrofit scenarios concerns inherently the integration of process synthesis and allocation sub-problems, since process models can not be defined unaware of physical restrictions of the plants where the process should be implemented. Several contributions have addressed this problem, paying a special attention to the introduction of sustainable targets in new process development (Halim & Srinivasan, 2006, Simon et al, 2008, Carvalho et al, 2009, Bumann et al, 2011, Halim et al, 2011, Banimostafa et al, 2011, 2012.…”

“…larger pressure or smaller temperature-to diagnose waste sources and generate waste minimization alternatives. Other studies have addressed the retrofit of batch processes for sustainable designs through a general framework based on path flow decomposition of the process flow sheet and indicator-based identification of retrofit potential (Simon et al, 2008, Carvalho et al, 2009, Bumann et al, 2011, Banimostafa et al, 2011, 2012, which had been originally developed for continuous processes (Uerdingen et al, 2003, Carvalho et al, 2008. Most of them included modifications in the process recipe.…”

“…Finally, various works have proposed strategies to develop new processes in order to introduce the production of new chemicals in existing plants (Cavin, 2003, Cavin et al, 2004, Mosat et al, 2007 and to improve batch processes through the incorporation of sustainable targets in retrofit scenarios (Halim & Srinivasan, 2006, Simon et al, 2008, Carvalho et al, 2009, Halim et al, 2011, Bumann et al, 2011, Banimostafa et al, 2011, 2012. These strategies can be also applied in grassroots scenarios, by improving a base case which should be initially defined.…”