Retrofit of ammonia plant for improving energy efficiency

Panjeshahi, M. Hassan; Langeroudi, E. Ghasemian; Tahouni, Nassim

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2007.08.011

Cited by 60 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The energy-intensive process [13], including natural gas/steam reforming for H 2 production (accounting for approximately 84% of the total energy required), consumes [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] GJ/t NH 3 in form of natural gas [12,14] (about 1-2% of the world's annual energy production [15]). Approximately 2.3 t of fossil-derived CO 2 are generated per t NH 3 synthesized [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Michalsky

Parman

Amanor‐Boadu

et al. 2012

Energy

133

100

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Ammonia is an important input into agriculture and is used widely as base chemical for the chemical industry. It has recently been proposed as a sustainable transportation fuel and convenient one-way hydrogen carrier. Employing typical meteorological data for Palmdale, CA, solar energy is considered here as an inexpensive and renewable energy alternative in the synthesis of NH 3 at ambient pressure and without natural gas. Thermodynamic process analysis shows that a molybdenum-based solar thermochemical NH 3 production cycle, conducted at or below 1500 K, combined with solar thermochemical H 2 production from water may operate at a net-efficiency ranging from 23-30% (lower heating value of NH 3 relative to the total energy input). Net present value optimization indicates ecologically and economically sustainable NH 3 synthesis at above about 160 tons NH 3 per day, dependent primarily on heliostat costs (varied between 90 and 164 dollars/m 2 ), NH 3 yields (ranging from 13.9 mol% to stoichiometric conversion of fixed and reduced nitrogen to NH 3 ), and the NH 3 sales price. Economically feasible production at an optimum plant capacity near 900 tons NH 3 per day is shown at relative conservative technical assumptions and at a reasonable NH 3 sales price of about 534 ± 28 dollars per ton NH 3 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Michalsky

Parman

Amanor‐Boadu

et al. 2012

Energy

133

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several authors have already assessed the performance of the ammonia production from biomass in terms of efficiency and life cycle emissions . Potentials for energy efficiency improvements in existing plants have been investigated in Panjeshahi et al, Rafiqul et al, and Wang et al Applying pinch analysis and exergy analysis, power savings of 15 % through optimization of the refrigeration system were revealed in Panjeshahi et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have already assessed the performance of the ammonia production from biomass in terms of efficiency and life cycle emissions. [1,3,8,16] Potentials for energy efficiency improvements in existing plants have been investigated in Panjeshahi et al, [15] Rafiqul et al, [16] and Wang et al [22] Applying pinch analysis and exergy analysis, power savings of 15 % through optimization of the refrigeration system were revealed in Panjeshahi et al [15] However, no consistent optimization with regard to multiple criteria, combining energy integration techniques with life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic evaluation have been performed so far to assess the potential benefit of CO 2 capture and storage in ammonia production processes and compare different resources and technologies in a systematic manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo‐environomic evaluation of the ammonia production

2015

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Within the global challenge of sustainable energy supply and greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, carbon capture and storage and the deployment of renewable resources are considered as promising solutions. In this study the production of ammonia mainly used in the fertilizer industry and that is responsible for around 2–3 % of the world greenhouse gas emissions is analyzed. Considering natural gas and biomass as a resource and the option of CO2 capture and storage, different process configurations are systematically compared with regard to energy, economic and environmental considerations. A consistent thermo‐environonomic optimization approach combining flowsheeting, process integration techniques, economic performance evaluation, life cycle assessment and multi‐objective optimization is applied for the conceptual process design and competitiveness evaluation. It is highlighted that the quality of the process integration is a key factor for improving the performance by valorizing the heat excess through electricity cogeneration. Including CO2 mitigation in the ammonia production allows to reduce the emissions but leads to a slight efficiency decrease due to the energy consumption for the CO2 compression. For the natural gas fed process yielding an energy efficiency around 65 %, the overall life cycle emissions can be reduced to 0.79 kgCO2/kgNH3 with CO2 capture compared to 1.6 kgCO2/kgNH3 without capture. Considering the biogenic nature of the carbon in the biomass, the emissions drop to −1.79 kgCO2/kgNH3 for the biomass process having an energy efficiency of 50 %. The economic competitiveness highly depends on the resource price and the introduction of a carbon tax. This study reveals the potential of the decarbonization of the fertilizer industry.

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“…Exergy analysis, an effective thermodynamic method, can identify the potential of improving energy performance by combining the first and second laws of thermodynamics 10, and has been widely applied in the heat exchanger network (HEN) 11, column design 12, energy analysis 13, and optimization 14. Ricardo et al 15 presented a method for calculating the exergy of crude oil and its fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Optimization for a Multistage Crude Oil Distillation Process

Wang

Huang

et al. 2015

Chem Eng & Technol

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Energy optimization is a hot research topic for design and operation of crude oil distillation plants. Optimum energy utilization in a multistage crude oil distillation process is achieved by optimizing the distillation load of each distillation column as well as the yield of the sidestreams of distillation columns. A generalized multistage distillation energy consumption model is proposed, and the optimal distillation load distribution is accomplished by minimizing the total energy consumption. Based on the optimal distillation loads, a nonlinear programming model is then formulated to determine the yields of sidestreams by maximizing the thermal exergy recovery for the crude oil plant. Finally, a four-stage crude oil distillation plant is investigated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. The results show a decrease in energy consumption and an increase in heat recovery.

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Retrofit of ammonia plant for improving energy efficiency

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Thermo‐environomic evaluation of the ammonia production

Energy Optimization for a Multistage Crude Oil Distillation Process

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