Retrofit of lower GWP alternative R449A into an existing R404A indirect supermarket refrigeration system

Makhnatch, Pavel; Mota-Babiloni, Adrián; Rogstam, Jörgen; Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.02.009

Cited by 78 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…R448A (GWP = 1387), R449A (GWP = 1397) and R407H (GWP = 1495) are some of these HFC or HFC/HFO mixtures which may replace R404A in some supermarkets in Europe. There are few research discussing this replacement comprehensively (Makhnatch et al, 2017). In this study, R449A is selected to represent this new generation of synthetic refrigerants.…”

Section: Direct Expansion (Dx) and Indirect Hfc/hfo Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

Karampour

Sawalha

2018

International Journal of Refrigeration

132

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This paper investigates the integrated and state-of-the art features of CO 2 trans-critical booster systems. The main objective is to identify the most promising solutions in terms of energy efficiency impacts.First, the performance of modified features and integrated functions have been compared with the standard CO2 system and alternative heating and air conditioning solutions. Subsequently, the performance of the defined state-of-the-art CO 2 system is compared to natural refrigerant-based cascade and HFC/HFO-based DX and indirect refrigeration solutions operating in cold and warm climates.The results indicate that two-stage heat recovery, flooded evaporation, parallel compression and integration of air conditioning are the most promising features of the state-of-the-art integrated CO2 system. This compact and environmentally friendly system is the most energy efficient solution in cold climates, and is also an efficient solution in warm climates, with comparable efficiency to cascade and HFC/HFO DX systems, but with no existing or potential limitations.

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Section: Direct Expansion (Dx) and Indirect Hfc/hfo Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

Karampour

Sawalha

2018

International Journal of Refrigeration

132

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“…In addition, most of works devoted to commercial indirect systems only focused on the performance of the system and not on the energy impact against a multiplexed solution [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of a Direct to an Indirect Refrigeration System at Medium Temperature Using R-134a and R-507A: An Energy Impact Analysis

et al. 2018

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This work presents the experimental evaluation of energy consumption and refrigerant charge reduction when a commercial direct expansion refrigeration system is converted into an indirect system. The evaluation (with R-134a and R-507A) used a commercial cabinet with doors for medium temperature and a single-stage refrigeration cycle using a semi-hermetic compressor and electronic expansion valve; 24-h energy consumption tests were performed at laboratory conditions for each refrigerant and configuration at three heat rejection levels (23.3, 32.8 and 43.6 • C), maintaining an average product temperature inside the cabinet of 2 • C. The work analyses the impact of the conversion on temperature and pressure indicators, as well as, in the energy performance of each element. For R-134a the refrigerant charge was reduced in a 42.9%, but the energy consumption rose by 22.0%-22.8%; for R-507A the charge reduction was of 32.8% with an increase in energy consumption of between 27.7% and 38.7%.

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“…R449A and R404A were compared to each other in some ways including the compressor discharge temperature, cooling capacity and GWP (Global Warming Potential). It was observed that the refrigeration system using R449A as refrigerant has advantage on the refrigeration system using R404A as GWP and energy are taken into consideration [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Cooling Performance a Heat Pump for Near Azeotropic Refrigerant R404A

Töre¹,

Kılıçarslan

2017

Hittite J. Sci. Eng.

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H alogenated refrigerants, which cause the ozone layer to be depleted and affect the global warming, have been used in the vapor compression refrigeration systems for many years. Due to these harmful effects to the environment, some national and international agreements have restricted the use of CFC (chlorofluorocarbons) and HFCF (hydrochlorofluorocarbons), and the protocol to replace these refrigerants with alternative refrigerants is underway. There are three types of refrigerants that can be used as refrigerant instead of CFC and HCFC class refrigerants. These are called azeotropic, near azeotropic and zeotropic refrigerants [1]. Azeotropic refrigerants act as a single refrigerant at the same temperature and pressure, although these refrigerants are formed by combining two or more refrigerants. In these refrigerants, the compositions of liquid and vapor phases in thermodynamic equilibrium are identical. This means

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Retrofit of lower GWP alternative R449A into an existing R404A indirect supermarket refrigeration system

Cited by 78 publications

References 12 publications

State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

State-of-the-art integrated CO2 refrigeration system for supermarkets: A comparative analysis

Conversion of a Direct to an Indirect Refrigeration System at Medium Temperature Using R-134a and R-507A: An Energy Impact Analysis

Experimental Investigation of Cooling Performance a Heat Pump for Near Azeotropic Refrigerant R404A

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