 R449A is retrofitted into a R404A real supermarket refrigeration system.  Cooling capacity is lower for R449A.  COP of both refrigerants is comparable.  R449A discharge temperature is higher but still admissible.  TEWI analysis indicates that CO 2-eq. emissions of R449A are lower than R404A Abstract R404A is going to be phased out from most of the commercial refrigeration systems due to its high GWP value of 3943. R449A (GWP of 1282) has been proposed to replace R404A with only minor system modifications in supermarkets. This paper presents the measurements of a light retrofit replacement of R404A using R449A in a medium temperature indirect refrigeration system (secondary fluid temperature at the evaporator outlet between-9 and-4 °C). It has been demonstrated that with a slight expansion device adjustment and 4% increase of refrigerant charge, R449A can be used in this refrigeration system designed for R404A because of its suitable thermodynamic properties and acceptable maximum discharge temperature. At a secondary fluid temperature at condenser inlet of 30 °C, the COP of R449A nearly matches that of R404A (both were between 1.9 and 2.2), despite having approximately 13% lower cooling capacity. As a conclusion, attending to the GWP reduction and similar energy performance, it was demonstrated using the TEWI methodology that the use of the recently developed refrigerant R449A in these applications can reduce the total CO 2 equivalent emissions of an indirect supermarket refrigeration system designed for R404A refrigerant.

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Comparing the older and newer installed systems, a trend in energy efficiency improvement has been seen. The study shows this improvement originates from both changes in the system design (e.g. two stage expansion) and components efficiency improvement (e.g. higher total efficiency of compressors -lower internal superheat and higher evaporation temperatures of cabinets).

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This paper investigates the integration of geothermal storage into the state-of-the-art CO 2 trans-critical booster systems. The objective is to evaluate the impact on energy efficiency of this integration. Three scenarios of integration are studied including stand-alone and integrated supermarket building systems. The results show that for a stand-alone supermarket, heat recovery from the CO2 system should be prioritized over extracting heat from the ground, which can be done either by an extra evaporator in the CO 2 system or by a separate ground source heat pump. In the case of supermarket integration with a nearby district heating consumer, geothermal storage integration with extra evaporator in the CO 2 refrigeration system can reduce the total annual running cost of the two buildings by 20-30%. The determining factors on profitability of geothermal storage integration are the heating demand of the supermarket and possibilities of coupling its heating system to another nearby consumer. This integration is beneficial if the full efficient heat recovery capacity of the CO2 system is not sufficient to provide the entire demands.