Retrofit of waste-to-energy facilities equipped with electrostatic precipitators. Volume I: Report

Abstract

A BSTRA CTMany existing municipal waste combustion [MWC] facilities are equipped with electrostatic precipitators [ESPs]; few have acid gas control systems. Retrofitting these facilities with spray dryers and fabric filters to meet the emissions guidelines for existing facilities promulgated by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] on December 19, 1995 will be costly. To help lower the cost of compliance, a retrofit technology using water spray temperature reduction combined with dry acid gas control reagent and powdered activated carbon [PAC] injection was tested in November, 1995 2,000 mg/dsm3 @ 7% O2 (150 lbhr) of trona (a natural sodium sesquicarbonate ore) injected through a rapid dispersion lance successfully controlled more than 50 percent of the acid gases, This should let facilities under 250 TPD meet the small plant guidelines for acid gas control. Various levels of PAC were injected along with the trona. 300 mg/dsm3 @ 7% O2 of PAC provides a comfortable margin between the emissions limitations achieved and both large and small plant regulatory guidelines for tetra-through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans [PCDD/FJ and mercury when the ESP is operated below 350"F, Bi-fluid nozzles were used to spray finely atomized water between the economizer outlet and ESP inlet to maintain temperatures in the desired 300-350°F range. Particulate and metals emissions limitations were met by this 400 ft2/l,000 ace2 specific collector area [SCA], 3-field ESP. Both the water sprays and PAC improved ESP performance.The proof-of-concept demonstration was successful. With dry PAC, acid gas reagent injection, and temperature reduction, M W C emissions guidelines for facilities smaller than 250 TPD can be reliably met. Everything except the large facilities SOz and HC1 guideline emissions limitations was achieved. Better acid gas control should be achievable with more reagent addition if the ESP is efficient enough to avoid violating particulate limits, Coinbustion related pollutants, CO and NOx, require other control techniques whose demonstration was outside the scope of this effort. Special thanks go to the host, the Davis County Energy Recovery Facility. The efforts of LeGrand Bitter (District Manager), Jack Schmidt (Plant Manager), John Watson (Chief Operator), Bart Baker (Instrumentation), Don Leach (Residue Sampling) and the rest of the staff involved in making the modifications for this test, operating the facility to meet test requirements, obtaining samples and gathering performance data are gratehlly acknowledged. PREFACEThe Principal Investigator was H. Gregor Rig0 (Rig0 & Rig0 Associates, Inc., Berea, Ohio) in association with A. John Chandler (A. J. Chandler & Associates Ltd., Toronto, Ontario). The stack gas emissions testing contractor was Bovar-Concord Eiiviroimental (Toronto, Ontario). The analytic laboratory was Zenon Environmental Laboratories (Burlington, Ontario) and the TCLP laboratory was NUS Laboratories (Pittsburgh, Pemisylvania). The extraordinary efforts of Bovar's D...

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