Retrofitting of fire stations in cold climate regions

Borodiņecs, Anatolijs; Prozuments, Aleksejs; Zajacs, Aleksandrs; Zemītis, Jurģis

doi:10.18720/mce.90.8

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Exhaust air heat recovery devices are used to increase the overall efficiency of the system and to ensure the adequate air hygiene and occupants' comfort in temporary shelters. Heat recovery is an integral part of modern energy efficient HVAC systems [29,30]. As an auxiliary source of energy generation (in case there is not enough solar resources), a diesel generator is provided to extend the autonomy of mobile energy generation unit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Off-Grid Energy Generation Unit for Temporary Energy Supply

et al. 2022

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Temporary structures are being extensively used by emergency services (rescue, disaster relief, military response units), and other end-users requiring temporary mobile off-grid energy solutions for different purposes (event organization, vacation homes, summer camps, etc.). Yet energy systems for these purposes largely remain fossil-based (such as diesel generators). Although such energy systems are inexpensive, they are carbon intensive and inefficient. This study presents a methodology of simulating temporary shelter with access to an energy supply system through a mobile energy unit with renewable (PV) power supply systems to ensure on-site electricity production, as well as heating/cooling and ventilation. Digital modeling simulations have been performed for a simulated temporary shelter in different climate conditions incorporating different combinations of electricity generation systems with a fossil fuel-based solution and a PV system, using TRNSYS software. Study results show that the operation of a mobile energy generation unit can operate HVAC systems and generate electricity for temporary shelter occupants in off-grid solutions. The modeling results show that the use of a mobile energy generation unit can significantly reduce diesel consumption in temporary shelters from 54% annually (in Riga, Latvia) to 96 % annually (in Jerusalem, Israel). Furthermore, the output of PV-generated electricity is higher (in most cases) than the consumed electricity amount.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Off-Grid Energy Generation Unit for Temporary Energy Supply

et al. 2022

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“…In order to extend the autonomous life of the mobile modular energy unit and to increase the overall efficiency of the system, heat recovery unit is provided. Heat recovery is an essential part of modern energy efficient HVAC [11]. Unit cooling capacity is ≥8 kW, and heating capacity ≥9 kW.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Possibilities of the Off-Grid HVAC System Operation Solution for Temporary Shelters in the Latvian Climate Conditions

Zajecs

Ļebedeva

Odiņeca

2022

Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences

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Temporary shelters are extensively used by emergency services (rescue, disaster relief, military response) and other end-users requiring temporary mobile power solutions for different purposes (event organization, vacation homes, summer camps, etc.). The Covid-19 pandemics resulted in an increase of motor homes worldwide sales. When temporary shelter connection to power grid is impossible, the off-grid liquid fossil fuel generator can be used for electricity generation. Since the liquid fuel supply is often limited, the stock of fuel requires storage that may pose an explosion risk. Quickly installable and energy-efficient ventilation / cooling system with heat recovery is essential to ensure adequate air hygiene and occupants’ comfort in temporary structure. This paper presents a mobile modular electric energy generating unit with photovoltaic (PV) panels for providing temporary shelters (tents) in Latvian climate conditions with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). All calculations were performed using the computer model developed with TRNSYS tool and based on real data from mobile modular energy unit for spring, summer and autumn 2020 and winter 2021. The results show that mobile modular energy unit can be successfully applied for off-grid HVAC system operation of temporary shelters in the Latvian climate conditions.

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“…It is also important to note that until 2002, construction practices in Latvia adhered to regulatory codes that lacked stringency concerning thermal performance. Consequently, a significant share of the existing building stock, which has not undergone comprehensive renovation measures, features poor thermal resistance, excessive outdoor air infiltration, and the occurrence of condensation within the external wall structures, compromising the energy inefficiency and indoor environmental quality in these buildings [34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Climate Challenges: Analysis of Heat Recovery Efficiency in Ventilation Systems

Prozuments,

Zemitis,

Bulanovs

2023

Energies

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As building energy consumption gains ever-increasing attention worldwide, the focus on addressing it through the examination and optimization of efficient heat recovery solutions continues to intensify. With well-insulated and airtight buildings, the proportion of heating needs attributed to ventilation is growing, leading to the widespread integration and optimization of heat recovery solutions in mechanical ventilation systems. Heat recovery in ventilation is a highly efficient strategy for reducing heat losses and conserving energy. This study involves the investigation of a ventilation unit installed in an apartment situated in Riga, Latvia, as a practical examination of heat recovery system efficiency within the Latvian climate conditions, representing a cold climate region. The objective of this study was to examine the heat recovery efficiency of the ventilation system in the Latvian climate with variable outdoor and exhaust air parameters, given that the dry heat recovery efficiency is different from the actual heat recovery efficiency. The ventilation unit was equipped with a plate heat exchanger at an airflow rate of 105 m3/h. To evaluate heat recovery efficiency, extensive measurements of air temperature and relative humidity were conducted. The collected data was analyzed, employing statistical regression analysis to ensure measurement reliability and assess correlations. The findings indicated a strong correlation between variables such as heat content, moisture content, and sensible air parameters. It was observed that the actual heat recovery efficiency was 6% higher than the calculated dry efficiency, emphasizing the importance of considering real-world conditions in heat recovery assessments. Additionally, regression analysis demonstrated a positive linear correlation with a coefficient of 0.77, highlighting the dependency between actual measurements and the theoretical model. These quantitative outcomes provide essential insights for optimizing heat recovery systems and enhancing energy-efficient ventilation practices, especially in cold climate environments. Moreover, this study highlights the strong correlation between variables such as heat content, moisture content, and sensible air parameters. Findings offer essential insights for optimizing heat recovery systems and enhancing energy-efficient ventilation practices, especially in cold climate environments.

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Retrofitting of fire stations in cold climate regions

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Mobile Off-Grid Energy Generation Unit for Temporary Energy Supply

Mobile Off-Grid Energy Generation Unit for Temporary Energy Supply

Application Possibilities of the Off-Grid HVAC System Operation Solution for Temporary Shelters in the Latvian Climate Conditions

Cold Climate Challenges: Analysis of Heat Recovery Efficiency in Ventilation Systems

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