Retroperitoneal Angiomyolipoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma is a rare tumour that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. We present a case of retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma that highlights its diagnostic dilemma. We also performed a literature review and present a review of retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma.

Retroperitoneal extrarenal angiomyolipoma at the surgical bed 8 years after a renal angiomyolipoma nephrectomy: A case report and review of literature

“…[ 3 12 ] These rare tumors were reported in liver, retroperitoneum, adrenal glands, colon, urinary bladder, hilar lymph nodes, lungs, ribs, oral and nasal cavity, abdominal wall, fallopian tube, uterus, and skin. [ 1 3 5 9 12 13 14 ] Literature review reports only 60 cases of ERAML since its first description in 1982 by Friis and Hjortrup in the above-mentioned locations, of which only 16 cases have been reported in the retroperitoneum, which is the 2 nd most common ERAML primary location. [ 2 3 13 ] RERAML are usually >10 cm and asymptomatic in view of their retroperitoneal location.…”

“…Although most of these RERAML have been benign, it is difficult to exclude malignancy which is the closest differential diagnosis due to similarities in imaging appearance, and the common differentials include lipoma, liposarcoma, papillary RCC, and adrenal myelolipoma. [ 2 3 8 10 12 13 14 ] No serum biochemistry or urinalysis investigation is specific for RERAML. [ 4 ] The most common differential, liposarcoma, is difficult to differentiate from RERAML even on positron emission tomography/CT and histopathological examination.…”

“…[ 3 4 ] It is recommended that management of AML should be dependent on the size of lesion, symptomatology, and estimated compliance with follow-up, though historically size >4 cm was considered as universal standard cutoff for invasive treatment given its risk for rupture and life-threatening retroperitoneal hemorrhage. [ 3 7 10 11 14 ]…”

Extrarenal Retroperitoneal Angiomyolipoma: A Rare Case

“…An angiomyolipoma (AML) consists of mature fat tissue, thick blood vessels, and soft muscle cells (1). AMLs are frequently located on the kidneys.…”

A Review of the Literature on Extrarenal Retroperitoneal Angiomyolipoma

“…Extrarenal retroperitoneal angiomyolipomas (ERAMLs) also referred to as retroperitoneal angiomyolipomas (RAMLs) by some authors are rare lesions which may mimic other retroperitoneal tumours and thus pose a diagnostic problem to the clinician. There are on the whole three tissue components that constitute angiomyolipomas (AMLs) including mature adipose tissue, thick-walled blood vessels, and smooth muscle cells [ 1 , 2 ]. AMLs were previously classified as hamartomas; however, AMLs are now regarded as belonging to the family of perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) [ 1 , 2 ].…”