Retrospect and prospect of ionospheric weather observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2

Liu, J. Y.; Lin, Charles C. H.; Lin, Cheng-Kuan; Lee, I-Te; Sun, Yang‐Yi; Chen, Shih-Ping; Chang, Fu‐Min; Rajesh, P. K.; Hsu, Ching-Tien; Matsuo, Tomoko; Chen, Chia-Hung; Tsai, Ho‐Fang

doi:10.1007/s44195-022-00019-x

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 120 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We associate these structures to a plasma depletion bay, although seen at later local times in previous studies (e.g., J.‐Y. Liu et al., 2022).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Liu et al. (2022) discussed the characteristics of plasma depletion bays and the Weddell Sea density anomaly observed by the FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC (F3/C) satellite constellation. Plasma depletion bays (PDBs) are broad regions of low nighttime plasma density in the low latitude winter hemisphere that extend to the summer hemisphere of generally high densities (F.‐Y.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ion Density Climatology Based on FPMU Measurements on Board the International Space Station

Laranja,

Fejer,

Ridenti

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We performed, for the first time, a season‐dependent geomagnetically quiet‐time climatology of mid‐ and low‐latitude ion densities during low and moderate solar flux conditions using Floating Potential Measurement Unit (FPMU) observations aboard the International Space Station (ISS) from 2008 to 2019. Our daytime observations indicate that the main characteristics of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) at ∼400 km are consistent with those from other in situ and remote sensing probes. The FPMU daytime densities are also generally in good agreement with the corresponding results from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). However, the IRI does not reproduce the mid‐solar flux evening low‐latitude measured densities. In this period, the EIA exhibits strong longitude‐dependent crest‐to‐trough ratios and asymmetries due to the pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) of the zonal electric field and thermospheric neutral winds. Our data also show strong structuring of the daytime and nighttime plasma densities. This includes a bulge, discussed for the first time here, in the EIA southern crest in the South Atlantic sector during the December solstice and equinox data, which we suggest being generated by the transport of plasma from the Weddell Sea anomaly (WSA). We also highlight and show the evolution of a midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly (MSNA) during the June solstice data in the North Atlantic sector. Our results give new insights into these two anomalies, where we show that they are stronger with increasing solar flux levels and that they last until the early morning. These latter results are not consistent with those from previous studies.

show abstract

“…We associate these structures to a plasma depletion bay, although seen at later local times in previous studies (e.g., J.‐Y. Liu et al., 2022).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Density Climatology Based on FPMU Measurements on Board the International Space Station

Laranja,

Fejer,

Ridenti

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For further validation, we also compare the operational TEC data from Central Weather Administration in Taiwan—TaiWan GIM Realtime Regional (TWRR) (T. J.‐Y. Liu et al., 2022). TWRR is a near real‐time high‐resolution local assimilated product (updated every hour), covering the range between (17°N, 115°E) and (32°N, 127°E) with a spatial resolution of 0.5° by 0.5°.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting of Global Ionosphere Maps With Multi‐Day Lead Time Using Transformer‐Based Neural Networks

Shih,

Lin,

Lin

et al. 2024

Space Weather

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is a key indicator of the space environment. Geophysical forcing from above and below drives its spatial and temporal variations. A full understanding of physical and chemical principles, available and well‐representable driving inputs, and capable computational power are required for physical models to reproduce simulations that agree with observations, which may be challenging at times. Recently, data‐driven approaches, such as deep learning, have therefore surged as means for TEC prediction. Owing to the fact that the geophysical world possesses a sequential nature in time and space, Transformer architectures are proposed and evaluated for sequence‐to‐sequence TEC predictions in this study. We discuss the impacts of time lengths of choice during the training process and analyze what the neural network has learned regarding the data sets. Our results suggest that 12‐layer, 128‐hidden‐unit Transformer architectures sufficiently provide multi‐step global TEC predictions for 48 hr with an overall root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of ∼1.8 TECU. The hourly variation of RMSE increases from 0.6 TECU to about 2.0 TECU during the prediction time frame.

show abstract

“…This is a relatively new technique first applied in 1995 during the Global Positioning System/Meteorology (GPS/MET) mission 17 , 18 for performing Earth atmospheric measurements. The technique involves a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite (such as MicroLab-1 17 , 18 , FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC, FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 19 , 20 ) receiving signals from a GPS/GNSS satellite. The signal has to pass through the ionosphere and is time-delayed along the way (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational force

Liu

Lin

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The semidiurnal (12.42 h) and semimonthly (14.76 days) lunar tides have been well-known by fishermen for several centuries. The gravitational force of the relative positions between the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth results in two symmetrical tidal bulges (double bulges) appearing at equatorial latitudes directly under and opposite the Moon. We utilize ionospheric GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) radio occultation soundings to show the global three-dimensional structures and dynamics of the double bulges of ionospheric lunar tides for the first time. The double-bulge amplitude of ionospheric F2-peak height hmF2, lagging the sublunar or antipodal point by about 2–3 h, is about 3–5 km at the equator and 1.5–2.0 km at ± 35° magnetic latitude. The electron density further depicts global three-dimensional plasma flows in the ionosphere.

show abstract

Retrospect and prospect of ionospheric weather observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2

Cited by 9 publications

References 120 publications

Ion Density Climatology Based on FPMU Measurements on Board the International Space Station

Ion Density Climatology Based on FPMU Measurements on Board the International Space Station

Forecasting of Global Ionosphere Maps With Multi‐Day Lead Time Using Transformer‐Based Neural Networks

The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational force

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About