Retrospective Evaluation of Urinary Tract Infection in 42 Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticism or Diabetes Mellitus or Both

Forrester, S. Dru; Troy, Gregory C.; Dalton, M. Nell; Huffman, Jennifer W.; Holtzman, Golde I.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02209.x

Cited by 87 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…11,12,[32][33][34] In our study, neither diabetes nor hyperthyroidism were associated with UTI. However, selection bias may be responsible, in part, for this finding.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Clinical features and risk factors for development of urinary tract infections in cats

Martinez-Ruzafa

Kruger

Miller

et al. 2012

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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The clinical and diagnostic features of 155 cats with urinary tract infection (UTI) and 186 controls with negative urine culture/s were characterized retrospectively (signalment, clinical signs, urinalysis, urine culture, concurrent diseases, lower urinary tract diagnostic/therapeutic procedures). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with UTI. Cats of all ages were affected by UTI with no sex/breed predisposition. Lower urinary tract signs were absent in 35.5% of cats with UTI. Pyuria and bacteriuria had sensitivities of 52.9% and 72.9%, and specificities of 85.5% and 67.7% for detection of UTI, respectively. Risk factors significantly associated with increased odds of UTI were urinary incontinence [odds ratio (OR) = 10.78, P = 0.0331], transurethral procedures (OR = 8.37, P <0.0001), urogenital surgery (OR = 6.03, P = 0.0385), gastrointestinal disease (OR = 2.62, P = 0.0331), decreased body weight (OR = 0.81, P = 0.0259) and decreased urine specific gravity (OR = 0.78, P = 0.0055). Whilst not independently significant, renal disease and lower urinary tract anatomic abnormalities improved statistical model performance and contributed to UTI.

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“…11,12,[32][33][34] In our study, neither diabetes nor hyperthyroidism were associated with UTI. However, selection bias may be responsible, in part, for this finding.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Clinical features and risk factors for development of urinary tract infections in cats

Martinez-Ruzafa

Kruger

Miller

et al. 2012

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…In past studies of canine UTIs, the majority of bacterial isolates were E. coli (33–56%) [2, 12, 20, 29, 34, 39]. Historically, a range of antimicrobial agents has been used to treat UTIs in veterinary medicine, including penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicols, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and potentiated sulfonamides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from canine urinary tract infections

Chang

Wei

et al. 2015

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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This study determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). Urine samples from 201 dogs with UTI diagnosed through clinical examination and urinalysis were processed for isolation of Escherichia coli. Colonies from pure cultures were identified by biochemical reactions (n=114) and were tested for susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials. The two most frequent antimicrobials showing resistance in Urinary E. coli isolates were oxytetracycline and ampicillin. Among the resistant isolates, 17 resistance patterns were observed, with 12 patterns involving multidrug resistance (MDR). Of the 69 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 50.9% of the isolates, whereas the remaining 25.5% isolates carried the tet(A) determinant. Most ampicillin and/or amoxicillin-resistant E. coli isolates carried blaTEM-1 genes. Class 1 integrons were prevalent (28.9%) and contained previously described gene cassettes that are implicated primarily in resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA17-aadA5). Of the 44 quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates, 38 were resistant to nalidixic acid, and 6 were resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Chromosomal point mutations were found in the GyrA (Ser83Leu) and ParC (Ser80Ile) genes. Furthermore, the aminoglycoside resistance gene aacC2, the chloramphenicol resistant gene cmlA and the florfenicol resistant gene floR were also identified. This study revealed an alarming rate of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli isolates from dogs with UTIs.

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“…Interestingly, none of the dogs in this study had diabetes mellitus or spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism which are known to predispose dogs to bacteriuria . Similarly, congenital anatomic defects were uncommon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Pyelonephritis in Dogs: Retrospective Study of 47 Histologically Diagnosed Cases (2005–2015)

Bouillon

Snead

Caswell

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundThe clinicopathologic aspects of pyelonephritis have not been reported in companion animals.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of pyelonephritis diagnosed in dogs in a academic referral population, describe the clinical signs and the diagnostic test results in dogs with pyelonephritis, and identify concurrent disorders in order to determine potential risk factors for pyelonephritis.AnimalsForty‐seven dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of pyelonephritis from the teaching hospitals of three Canadian veterinary colleges.MethodsRetrospective case series. Review of medical records and renal histologic sections.ResultsPyelonephritis was diagnosed in 0.4–1.3% of the cases at necropsy. Clinical signs included anorexia or inappetence (n = 27, 57%), lethargy (n = 24, 51%), vomiting (n = 17, 36%), and dehydration (n = 12, 25%). Thirty‐five dogs (75%) had concomitant disease(s). Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated (37%). Pyelonephritis was classified as acute (n = 12, 26%), subacute (n = 9, 19%), and chronic (n = 26, 55%) disease; and mild (n = 7, 15%), moderate (n = 11, 24%), and severe (n = 28, 61%). Fever was significantly associated with histopathologically subacute pyelonephritis (P = 0.01).ConclusionsIn referral hospitals, pyelonephritis has a very low prevalence at necropsy. Nonspecific clinical presentation, concomitant diseases, and high variability in the diagnostic tests results make the antemortem diagnosis of pyelonephritis challenging. Neither the histopathologic stage nor the severity of the pyelonephritis was associated with fever, lumbar pain, or signs of a urinary tract infection (ie, lower urinary tract infection, upper urinary tract infection, or both) except for subacute pyelonephritis which was associated with fever.

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Retrospective Evaluation of Urinary Tract Infection in 42 Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticism or Diabetes Mellitus or Both

Cited by 87 publications

References 6 publications

Clinical features and risk factors for development of urinary tract infections in cats

Clinical features and risk factors for development of urinary tract infections in cats

Antimicrobial resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from canine urinary tract infections

Pyelonephritis in Dogs: Retrospective Study of 47 Histologically Diagnosed Cases (2005–2015)

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