Retrospective review of patients treated for cyclic vomiting syndrome with topiramate

Abstract

Summary Background Practice guidelines recommend topiramate as second‐line treatment for the prevention of moderate‐severe cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) in adults. However, data are limited to small studies in children. Aim To characterise the response to topiramate as prophylactic therapy in adults with CVS. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients with CVS. Clinical characteristics, number of CVS episodes, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalisations the year before and after initiating topiramate were recorded. Response was defined as a global improvement in symptoms or >50% reduction in the number of CVS episodes, ED visits or hospitalisations. Results Sixty‐five percent (88/136) of patients responded to topiramate in an intent‐to‐treat analysis. There was a significant decrease in the annual number of CVS episodes (18.1 vs 6.2, P < 0.0001), CVS‐related ED visits (4.3 vs 1.6, P = 0.0029), and CVS‐related hospitalisations (2.0 vs 1.0, P = 0.035). Logistic regression revealed that higher doses of topiramate, longer use of topiramate (≥12 months) and topiramate as monotherapy were associated with a response to treatment. Anxiety was associated with non‐response to topiramate. Fifty‐five percent of patients experienced side effects, and 32% discontinued the medication as a result. The most common side effects were cognitive impairment (13%), fatigue (11%) and paresthesia (10%). This represented a refractory group with topiramate being initiated in patients (92%) who had failed treatment with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Conclusions Topiramate may be an effective second‐line prophylaxis for patients with moderate‐severe CVS, but its use is limited by side effects. Efforts to develop better‐tolerated therapies for CVS are warranted.

Editorial: topiramate for cyclic vomiting syndrome—for refractory patients only? Authors' reply

“…The authors' declarations of personal and financial interests are unchanged from those in the original article. 2 AP&T invited editorial columns are restricted to discussing papers that have…”

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We thank Drs Rangan and Lembo for their insightful comments on our study on the effectiveness of topiramate as a prophylactic agent in cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS). 1,2 Recent guidelines conditionally recommend that adults with moderate-to-severe CVS receive topiramate as an alternative prophylactic medication. 3 The guide-

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Le syndrome des vomissements cycliques chez l’enfant

“…Dans une grande cohorte d'adultes à Milwaukee (Wisconsin), 65 % des patients (88 sur 136) ont eu une réponse positive au topiramate dans le cadre d'une analyse selon le principe de l'intention de traiter, notamment une diminution du nombre annuel d'épisodes du SVC (18,1 c. 6,2; p < ,0001), des visites au service d'urgence liées au SVC (4,3 c. 1,6; p = ,0029) et des hospitalisations dues au SVC (2,0 c. 1,0; p = ,035) 11 . La réponse au traitement était associée à une dose plus élevée, à une utilisation prophylactique pendant un an ou plus et à l'usage du topiramate en monothérapie.…”

“…La réponse au traitement était associée à une dose plus élevée, à une utilisation prophylactique pendant un an ou plus et à l'usage du topiramate en monothérapie. Par ailleurs, 55 % ont eu des effets secondaires, menant un tiers des patients à cesser le traitement 11 .…”

Editorial: topiramate for cyclic vomiting syndrome—for refractory patients only?

“…In their retrospective review of 141 patients with CVS who were treated with topiramate, Mooers et al 4 found that topiramate led to a significant reduction in the annual number of CVS episodes, emergency department visits and hospitalisations. Based on the authors' criteria, 65% were responders.…”