Retrospective Screening for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in California, USA, Late 2019

Hogan, Catherine A.; Garamani, Natasha; Sahoo, Malaya K.; Huang, ChunHong; Zehnder, James L.; Pinsky, Benjamin A.

doi:10.3201/eid2610.202296

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Excluding the outlier from Ellsworth AFB, we identified initial positive cases approximately two weeks prior to the first case reported (average = 11.6 days, range 2 to 27 days prior). Our results are similar to other retrospective testing that focused on PCR-based detection of residual samples [4-6]. Evaluation of residual specimens using antibody tests is still an on-going effort and may lead to different data as better assays comes available [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Early Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Emergence in the DoD via Retrospective Analysis of 2019-2020 Upper Respiratory Illness Samples

Chapleau

Christian

Connors

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The first case of non-travel related SARS-COV-2 was detected late February in California, however initially stringent testing criteria and subsequent delay of diagnostic testing made it difficult to identify those who could have acquired it through community spread. Early speculation was that the virus may have been circulating from at least January [1], and environmental sampling suggests that versions of this virus were found months before the first human samples were identified [2]. Here we performed a retrospective study from residual samples collected from a global respiratory surveillance effort to establish a tentative timeline by which this virus was circulating in the US military population. We performed RT-PCR for SARS-COV-2 and compared the dates of these cases to the first cases identified in respective states and counties using the Johns Hopkins COVID tracker website. Twenty-four positive samples were identified out of approximately 7,000 tested. Although we found some early cases in certain regions, we did not see circulation before late February in samples collected both in the US and outside the USA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Early Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Emergence in the DoD via Retrospective Analysis of 2019-2020 Upper Respiratory Illness Samples

Chapleau

Christian

Connors

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Some community-based sentinels or hospital-based patient surveys conducted outside Europe, e.g. Wuhan/China [ 13 ] and the US [ 14 – 16 ], retrospectively analysed respiratory samples mainly from ARI or ILI patients. The Wuhan [ 13 ] and Seattle/WA study sites [ 14 ] failed to identify SARS-CoV-2-RNA in 520 and approximately 400 samples, respectively, obtained prior to the first national confirmed COVID-19 case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, 11,400 samples from six US states prospectively collected within the month after the first verified US COVID-19 case did not render a SARS-CoV-2-positive result [ 15 ]. Similarly, a retrospective screening study on 1,700 nasopharyngeal samples from ILI patients in California covering the last two months of 2019 failed to reveal any SARS-CoV-2 positive patient [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virological COVID-19 surveillance in Bavaria, Germany suggests no SARS-CoV-2 spread prior to the first German case in January 2020

et al. 2021

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The Bavarian Influenza Sentinel (BIS) monitors the annual influenza season by combining virological and epidemiological data. The 2019/2020 influenza season overlapped with the beginning COVID-19 pandemic thus allowing to investigate whether there was an unnoticed spread of SARS-CoV-2 among outpatients with acute respiratory infections in the community prior to the first COVID-19 cluster in Bavaria. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed oropharyngeal swabs obtained in BIS between calendar week (CW) 39 in 2019 and CW 14 in 2020 for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR. 610 of all 1376 BIS swabs-contained sufficient material to test for SARS-CoV-2, among them 260 oropharyngeal swabs which were collected prior to the first notified German COVID-19 case in CW 04/2020. In none of these swabs SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected suggesting no SARS-CoV-2 spread prior to late January 2020 in Bavaria.

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“…Finally, it is possible that pooled testing for 2018-19 samples led to lower RT-PCR sensitivity. However, pool sizes of up to 10 samples have been proven to maintain high performance when compared with individual sample testing (23,32). Despite these limitations, here we show how influenza surveillance networks are a powerful resource to analyse the presence of the new respiratory viruses sharing the ILI / SARI symptomatology, because routine collection and storage of samples months (and eventually years) before the occurrence of a new virus introduction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Retrospective screening for SARS-CoV-2 among 5,800 hospitalizations related to influenza-like illness during the 2018-19 pre-pandemic and 2019-2020 pandemic influenza seasons in the VAHNSI network, Spain

Mengual‐Chuliá

Cano-Perez

et al. 2021

Preprint

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On March 9 2020 the WHO Global Influenza Program (GIP) asked participant sites on the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) to contribute to data collection concerning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We re-analysed 5,615 viral RNA archived samples collected prospectively from hospital admissions for influenza-like illness (ILI) in the Valencia Region of Spain by the VAHNSI network (4 hospitals, catchment area population 1,118,732) during the prepandemic 2018/2019 (n=4,010) and pandemic 2019/2020 (n=1,823) influenza seasons, for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. We did not find evidence for community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospital admissions for ILI in our region before 8 March 2020.

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Retrospective Screening for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in California, USA, Late 2019

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Early Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Emergence in the DoD via Retrospective Analysis of 2019-2020 Upper Respiratory Illness Samples

Early Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Emergence in the DoD via Retrospective Analysis of 2019-2020 Upper Respiratory Illness Samples

Virological COVID-19 surveillance in Bavaria, Germany suggests no SARS-CoV-2 spread prior to the first German case in January 2020

Retrospective screening for SARS-CoV-2 among 5,800 hospitalizations related to influenza-like illness during the 2018-19 pre-pandemic and 2019-2020 pandemic influenza seasons in the VAHNSI network, Spain

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