Retrospective study of 1050 dogs with respiratory symptoms in Japan (2005–2020)

Abstract

Background: Few studies have investigated the incidence of respiratory diseases based on anatomical sites or the relationship between breed and these diseases. Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of canine respiratory diseases among dogs in Japan, with relationship to the breed. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of dogs with respiratory symptoms and calculated the odds ratio (OR) to evaluate the relationship between breed and disease.Results: A total of 1050 dogs with respiratory symptoms were included in this study.Miniature dachshunds were the most common breed affected by respiratory diseases. Among tracheobronchial diseases, there was a significant association between some small breeds and tracheobronchial collapse, miniature dachshunds (OR: 4.44, 8.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.17-6.22, 4.33-16.0) and chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Among nasal diseases, miniature dachshunds (OR: 27.2, 95% CI: 16.8-44.8) and golden retrievers (OR: 21.0, 95% CI: 6.43-69.3) were the most affected by non-infectious rhinitis and nasal aspergillosis, respectively. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome was the most common disease among pharyngeal and laryngeal diseases, with a relationship with breed being found in some brachycephalic breeds, and Pomeranians (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.42-5.17). Conclusions:Respiratory diseases in dogs are strongly correlated with popular breeds in Japan. Miniature dachshunds, in particular, are associated with many respiratory diseases, which may differ from international reports. Thus, this result may help in the early detection, prevention, treatment, and elucidation of the pathophysiology of canine respiratory diseases.

Construction of diagnostic prediction model for canine nasal diseases using less invasive examinations without anesthesia

“…In this study, NP was most common in both the GM and GV, followed by NIR. This result is similar to those of previous reports, suggesting that these diseases are major nasal diseases in dogs [ 21 , 27 , 35 ]. However, SNA resulted in fewer cases than in previous reports, especially for GV [ 21 ].…”

“…Therefore, if a predictive model is not applied, the probabilities of NP and SNA are low. In addition, SNA is more likely to occur in large breeds, especially in retriever breeds [ 2 , 27 ]; however, breeds could not be included in the conditions because of the small number of cases with SNA in our study. Therefore, there is a possibility that improvement in diagnostic accuracy can be expected by considering these breeds.…”

“…Furthermore, secondary rhinitis is caused by foreign body (FB) and dental diseases (DD) [ 21 , 23 , 35 ]. Previous studies have reported that NP and NIR are the most common nasal diseases, followed by SNA and FB [ 21 , 27 ]. Canine nasal disease is diagnosed based on signalment and clinical signs (such as nasal discharge and epistaxis), followed by physical examination (such as the presence or absence of nasal airflow) and radiography without general anesthesia.…”

Retrospective study of 540 cats with respiratory diseases in Japan (2003–2020)

“…In limited documented cases, upper respiratory tract aspergillosis was reported in brachycephalic purebred cats (Barrs et al., 2015 ), and Abyssinian cats were found to be predisposed to Mycobacterium avium systemic infection, including lung involvement (Baral et al., 2006 ). A previous study investigated the prevalence of respiratory diseases and their relationship with breeds in Japan's dog population (Nakazawa et al., 2022 ) and significant associations between specific breeds and respiratory diseases were identified. Interestingly, certain breed predispositions identified in this study had not been found in previous studies.…”