Return migration of one‐sea‐winter Atlantic salmon in the River Tana

Karppinen, Petri; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Niemelä, Eero; Moen, Kjell; Økland, Finn

doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00380.x

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The reason may be that females actively searched for a suitable spawning site at different localities prior to spawning (Fleming 1996). Similar to our study, Karppinen et al (2004) found that wild females tended to exhibit a more erratic migration pattern than wild males, while Økland et al (2001) and Finstad et al (2005) did not find differences in movement patterns between wild males and females.…”

Section: Movement Patterns In the Pre-spawning Periodsupporting

confidence: 88%

Area use and movement patterns of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon before and during spawning in a large Norwegian river

Moe¹,

Næsje²,

Haugen³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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We compared the within-river movements and distribution of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar before and during spawning in the Namsen river system of Central Norway. A total of 74 wild and 43 escaped farmed salmon were captured at sea, tagged with radio transmitters and released. Based on our examinations, most, if not all salmon (farmed and wild) entering the River Namsen were sexually mature. Farmed salmon entering the river system had a higher probability than wild individuals of reaching the migration barrier in the upper part of the river, 70 km from the sea. During the pre-spawning and spawning periods, farmed salmon were located mainly in the upper parts (50 to 70 km from the sea), whereas wild salmon were evenly distributed along the entire river during both periods. Consequently, the probability of farmed × wild inter-breeding varied among river sections. Our finding that the distribution of escaped farmed salmon may differ from that of wild salmon and among river sections in the prespawning and spawning periods-and that it may also vary over time-must be taken into consideration when (1) designing monitoring programs aimed at estimating the proportion of escaped farmed salmon in rivers and (2) when interpreting monitoring results. Furthermore, targeted fishing in the river aimed at reducing the number of farmed salmon prior to spawning may be more effective in upper rivers sections, and below major migration barriers.

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Section: Movement Patterns In the Pre-spawning Periodsupporting

confidence: 88%

Area use and movement patterns of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon before and during spawning in a large Norwegian river

Moe¹,

Næsje²,

Haugen³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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show abstract

“…This finding is counter-intuitive: higher discharges usually result in higher velocities, which might be expected to impede movement, or at least increase energy used for migration and so reduce that available subsequently for spawning. However, in another study in Tana river, Karppinen et al (2004) found no significant correlation between discharge and migration. Thus, rather than assuming a consistent relation between discharge and upstream movement, there is a need to assess flow influences on a river-by-river basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Influence of hydrological regimes on the pre‐spawning entry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) into an upland river

Tetzlaff

Gibbins

Bacon³

et al. 2008

River Research & Apps

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The Girnock Burn is an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawning tributary of the river Dee, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The dates, sexes and numbers of adult salmon entering the stream in the three months prior to spawning were determined between 1969 and 2005 using a permanent fish-trap. During this time, the number of fish returning to spawn varied markedly. Here we analyze the whole of this unique long term data set in order to characterize and classify the hydrologic regimes of the pre-spawning migration period and assess the extent to which these regimes help explain the timing and patterns of arrival of adult salmon into the stream. A range of flow parameters was calculated for the arrival period (September-November) for each of the 37 years. These parameters were used to ordinate and classify years according to their flow regimes. The analysis yielded six distinct groups or 'flow regime types' which separated principally in relation to flow magnitude and frequency parameters. The number of fish entering the burn on a given day was not significantly correlated to discharge on that day. However, patterns of arrival of fish differed markedly between years with different regime types, with the number of fish arriving on a given day related to patterns of discharge over the preceding part of the arrival period. Overall inter-annual variability in entry corresponded to the defined regime types. In wetter years, fish entry to the stream usually starts relatively early and continues throughout the pre-spawning period. In contrast, dry years may result in fish entry being delayed; this may result in lower numbers of spawning females entering the stream and sub-optimal utilization of juvenile habitat in the following spring.

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“…Maximum net ground speeds recorded during undisturbed migration was 37 km day -1 in the Aberdeenshire Dee, 15 km day -1 in the River Laerdalselva, and 49 km day -1 for multi-sea-winter salmon and 47 km day -1 for grilse in the River Tana (Hawkins and Smith 1986;Økland et al 2001;Karppinen et al 2004;Finstad et al 2005). The highest migration rates were recorded early in the river migration phase and generally decreased as the fish approached the spawning ground in all four studies.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Upstream Migration Patternmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In generally undisturbed systems, the riverine migration of Atlantic salmon has been reported to take place in two or three successive phases before spawning: (1) a migration phase with steady progress upriver with periods of swimming alternating with stationary resting periods, (2) a search phase with movements both up and down river at or close to the position held at spawning, followed by (3) a long residence period, also termed the holding phase (Hawkins and Smith 1986;Heggberget et al 1988Heggberget et al , 1996Karppinen et al 2004;Laughton 1989;Webb 1989;Baglinière et al 1990Baglinière et al , 1991Laughton 1991;Økland et al 2001;Finstad et al 2005). In the Norwegian River Tana, the number of resting periods during the upstream migration phase (0-9) increased with migratory distance, and the resting periods lasted on average 5-8 days (Økland et al 2001).…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Upstream Migration Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the within-river spawning migration of Atlantic salmon, with emphasis on human impacts

Thorstad

Økland

Aarestrup³

et al. 2007

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

208

236

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We review factors affecting the withinriver spawning migration of Atlantic salmon. With populations declining across the entire distribution range, it is important that spawners survive in the last phase of the spawning migration. Knowledge on the factors affecting migration is essential for the protection of populations, and to increase the success of reintroduction programmes. A number of studies have documented that the upstream migration may be delayed for many weeks at man-made obstacles such as power station outlets, residual flow stretches, dams, weirs and fishways. The fish may also be delayed at natural migration barriers. Often, the magnitude of delay is not predictable; fish may be considerably delayed at barriers that appear to humans to be easily passable, or they may quickly pass barriers that appear difficult. Stressful events like catch-and-release angling may affect upstream migration. Impacts of human activities may also cause altered migration patterns, affect the withinriver distribution of the spawning population, and severe barriers may result in displacement of the spawning population to other rivers. Factors documented to affect within-river migration include previous experience, water discharge, water temperature, water velocity, required jump heights, fish size, fish acclimatisation, light, water quality/pollution, time of the season, and catch and handling stress. How each of these factors affects the upstream migration is to a varying extent understood; however, the effects may differ among different river sections and sites. There are likely a number of additional important factors, and the relationship between different factors is complex. The understanding of general mechanisms stimulating fish within-river migration are still lacking, and it cannot be reliably predicted under which conditions a fish will pass a given migration barrier or which conditions are needed to stimulate migration at different sites. The strong focus on the effects of water discharge in past work may have hampered consideration of other factors. Exploration of the influence of these other factors in future studies could improve our understanding of what controls the upstream migration.

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Return migration of one‐sea‐winter Atlantic salmon in the River Tana

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Area use and movement patterns of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon before and during spawning in a large Norwegian river

Area use and movement patterns of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon before and during spawning in a large Norwegian river

Influence of hydrological regimes on the pre‐spawning entry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) into an upland river

Factors affecting the within-river spawning migration of Atlantic salmon, with emphasis on human impacts

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