Reusing greywater for cultivation of Capsicum frutescens and Calendula officinalis

Disha, Asma Safia; Harun, Abdullah Yousuf Al; Akter, Shubarna; Billah, Sharif Mutasim; Noman, Abdullah-Al

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111088

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Therefore, Escherichia coli counts in treated greywater resulted in acceptable risk. Our results were similar to Disha et al [25], who concluded that treated greywater is bacterially safe and has a positive impact on plant growth. Given that Escherichia coli could exceed the safe limit (long-term reuse), periodic soil and water quality test is essential when greywater is the main source for irrigation.…”

Section: Greywater Quality and Plant Yieldsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24-39% and dry weight by 34-40% compared to diluted greywater and control (Table 2). That shoot growth increased in parallel with increased greywater ratio (control-diluted-greywater) is consistent with the results for pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) [25] cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.) [26]. A higher growth rate can be attributed to higher nutrient levels in greywater water compared to control (Table 1).…”

Section: Greywater Quality and Plant Yieldsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Interestingly, that review concluded that heavy metals and organic micro-pollutants in treated greywater rarely pose a threat to human health if recycled properly. Greywater reuse, after treatment, sustains water resources by conserving irrigation water and protects the Untreated greywater normally contains higher nutrients and bacterial populations than tap water, but the treatment process reduces the concentration of most unwanted greywater parameters and brings them into irrigation standards [25]. A recent review on quality and quantity of greywater reuse showed large variations in greywater quality and quantity associated with time and source, and the filtration treatment [33].…”

Section: Food and Forage Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, that review concluded that heavy metals and organic micro-pollutants in treated greywater rarely pose a threat to human health if recycled properly. Greywater reuse, after treatment, sustains water resources by conserving irrigation water and protects the aquatic ecosystem (freshwater ecosystem) from the adverse effect of wastewater [25]. Despite these high counts of fecal coliforms (4 × 10 5 /100 mL) and fecal streptococci (2000/100 mL) in greywater, no significant difference in contamination levels was found between crops (carrots and lettuce) irrigated (eight weeks) with greywater and tap water [34].…”

Section: Food and Forage Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

et al. 2021

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This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

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Section: Greywater Quality and Plant Yieldsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Greywater Quality and Plant Yieldsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Food and Forage Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, that review concluded that heavy metals and organic micro-pollutants in treated greywater rarely pose a threat to human health if recycled properly. Greywater reuse, after treatment, sustains water resources by conserving irrigation water and protects the aquatic ecosystem (freshwater ecosystem) from the adverse effect of wastewater [25]. Despite these high counts of fecal coliforms (4 × 10 5 /100 mL) and fecal streptococci (2000/100 mL) in greywater, no significant difference in contamination levels was found between crops (carrots and lettuce) irrigated (eight weeks) with greywater and tap water [34].…”

Section: Food and Forage Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

et al. 2021

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“…For the leafy vegetables, the greatest height of coriander and dill was found in the plot irrigated with treated greywater (Figure 2(a) and 2(b)). Similar to other studies, they found that leafy vegetables such as spinach and edible tubers such as potato and capsicum irrigated by greywater grew very rapidly and better than those irrigated by tap water (Zavadil 2009;Mzini & Winter 2015;Disha et al 2020). The greatest heights of pakchoi and green shallots were found in the TWF plot; however, cultivation with TGW revealed greater growth than the others during two or three weeks depending on the plant species (Figure 2(c) and 2(d)).…”

Section: Soil Nutrient and Plant Growthsupporting

confidence: 85%

Exposure assessment of treated greywater reused for irrigation

2021

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The aim of study was to assess the risk of exposure of treated greywater reused for irrigation. It consisted of untreated and treated greywater quality analysis and heavy metal exposure assessment. After treatment with a local conventional stabilization pond, parameters such as BOD, COD, Zn, and Pb dropped to 35.63, 9.95, 0.011, and 0.001 mg/L, respectively. Total coliform and fecal coliform were decreased to 23,417 and 5,666 MPN/100 mL, respectively. These results showed almost all detected contaminants in treated greywater were minimized and did not exceed Thailand's standard and World Health Organization guidelines. After that, treated greywater was reused for irrigation. There were three vegetable plots: treated greywater, tap water with fertilizer, and tap water. There were seven edible plants, four leafy and three fruiting vegetables, cultivated in each plot. Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Hg were detected depending on kind of plant; for example, the maximum concentration was found in leafy vegetables. However, the concentrations of contaminants did not exceed the Codex standard for contaminants and toxins in foods and Thailand's standard. Risk characterization showed no risk with a hazard quotient far less than 1. Therefore, treated greywater reuse could be considered to promote sustainable water management in community.

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Sustainable ternary treatment system for greywater and potential reuse

et al. 2022

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Adopting a greywater treatment system that provides economical, effective, and sustainable treated greywater over a longer span helps to address water scarcity. The present study focuses on treating greywater generated from hostels using a floating plant treatment system (FPTS) planted with water hyacinth. The additional units, a sand filter and an activated charcoal filter, were attached in series to FPTS to improve the treated greywater quality. The treatment system was operated for 90 days with daily monitoring of influent and effluent parameters. The treatment performance was evaluated based on the removal efficiency for total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, sulphate, phosphate, and faecal coliform (FC) of 74.81% ± 5.74%, 99.76% ± 0.05%, 95.70% ± 4.10%, 99.16% ± 2.08%, 48.22% ± 1.80%, and 100%, 97.27% ± 1.48%, respectively. The study showed that the system effectively treats greywater, making it suitable for non‐potable purposes on educational institution's campuses.

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Reusing greywater for cultivation of Capsicum frutescens and Calendula officinalis

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Exposure assessment of treated greywater reused for irrigation

Sustainable ternary treatment system for greywater and potential reuse

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