Revealing soil legacy phosphorus to promote sustainable agriculture in Brazil

Pavinato, Paulo Sérgio; Cherubin, Maurício Roberto; Soltangheisi, Amin; Rocha, Gustavo Casoni da; Chadwick, D. R.; Jones, Davey L.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72302-1

Cited by 115 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Knowing the different P pools present in the environment should help guide the management of P containing wastes and soil amendments (Condron and Newman, 2011). However, it may take years to remove substantial amounts of the so-called 'legacy' phosphorus (Gatiboni et al, 2020;Havens and Thomas, 2005;Lou et al, 2018;Pavinato et al, 2020) out of the soil to the point where dissolved P in runoff is effectively reduced (McCollum, 1991;Meals et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2004;Sharpley et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Non-Point Pollution from Equestrian Wastes and the Need for Recycling

Louda¹,

Duersch²,

Osetek³

et al. 2021

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South Florida and much of the rest of the World suffers from harmful algal blooms (HABs) and controls of both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollution are required to curtail the onset, spread and/or expansion of these blooms. This report covers our studies on several aspects of equestrian waste (viz. horse manure) aimed at yielding an overview of phosphorus and its pollution stemming from non-point horse manure sources in portions of Palm Beach County Florida. Methods included a modified Hedley extraction sequence, emphasizing ‘easily extractable phosphorus’ (EEP), and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic identification of organic phosphorus (Po) species. Samples included fresh and aged horse manure, pasture soils, horse feed and pasture grasses, and canal waters adjacent to equestrian or agricultural fields. Easily extractable Phosphorus (EEP) averaged about 54-77% of the total horse manure phosphorus. Total phosphorus ranged from 13,020 – 22,300 mg per kilogram dry weight. (≈60-100 lbs. P2O5 / ton and on a wet weight basis, this equates to 4,000 to 14,818 grams-P/ U.S. ton or 8.8 to 32.6 pounds of phosphorus (≈ 20-75 lb. P2O5) per wet weight ton of horse manure. Considering the values of EEP in fresh samples from a single horse, we found a range of 8,000 – 17,000 mg-P/kg (8-17 g-P/kg) dry weight horse manure. Soil samples yielded the highest P in the NaOH extract of the Hedley sequence. This equates to the Al, Fe and ester forms. Phosphorus (viz. EEP) runoff is viewed here as a non-point P pollution source.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Non-Point Pollution from Equestrian Wastes and the Need for Recycling

Louda¹,

Duersch²,

Osetek³

et al. 2021

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“…Legacy P is essentially a result of the application of phosphorus in excess of plant requirements due to the use of fertilizer and manure that builds up in soils over decades [95,96]. Consequently, the legacy P at a given location is closely tied to the soil properties, land use/land cover, management practices, and temporal changes that occur in the latter two factors [97][98][99]. Typical approaches used in estimating terrestrial legacy P for informing quantitative models include mass balances, chemical analyses, and the phosphorus cycle [100].…”

Section: Land Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study in Florida showed promising results as a viable way of mining legacy P through reduced fertilizer applications but could benefit from further research and development. Pavinato et al [99] discussed other practices from the perspective of legacy P, which includes soil amendments, crop rotation, efficient crop varieties, modern fertilizers, and inoculation with P solubilizing microbes, etc. Their suitability for the LOW conditions needs assessment, followed by incorporation into agricultural and urban BMPs programs.…”

Section: Implications For the Lake Okeechobee Watershedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watershed Response to Legacy Phosphorus and Best Management Practices in an Impacted Agricultural Watershed in Florida, U.S.A.

Khare

Paudel

Wiederholt

et al. 2021

Land

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Soil phosphorus (P) built up due to past management practices, legacy P, in the Lake Okeechobee Watershed (LOW) in south-central Florida, U.S.A., is often discussed as the root cause of lake eutrophication. Improvement of the lake’s water quality requires the identification of critical P sources and quantifying their contributions. We performed a global sensitivity analysis of the Watershed Assessment Model (WAM), a common evaluation tool in LOW environmental planning, using the Morris method. A pre-calibrated WAM setup (Baseline) of the LOW sub-watershed, Taylor Creek Nubbin Slough (TCNS), was used as a test case. Eight scenarios were formulated to estimate the contributions of various P sources. The Morris analysis indicated that total phosphorus (TP) loads were highly sensitive to legacy P in improved pastures, the major land use covering 46.2% of TCNS. The scenario modeling revealed that legacy P, inorganic fertilizers, and other sources contribute 63%, 10%, and 32%, respectively, to the Baseline TP load of 111.3 metric tons/y to the lake. Improved pastures, dairies, citrus, and field crops are the top TP load contributors. Our results have important implications for water quality improvement plans in the LOW and highlighted the need for accurate spatial mapping of legacy P and incorporation of such information in modeling efforts for watersheds demonstrating legacy P problems.

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“…Overall, it can be inferred that i) vegetation C is much more sensitive to fire than soil C pools, ii) high NPP cannot be seen as an indicator of the size of soil C pools in tropical ecosystems, and iii) fire suppression may benefit soil C pools, but it comes at a cost of reduced plant biodiversity (Abreu et al, 2017). Similarly, liming and fertilization to sustain intensive agriculture with multiple crops grown in succession under no-tillage (Pavinato et al, 2020) also should favor increasing soil C pools, particularly across the Cerrado. Based on the evidence gathered, in ecosystems where precipitation levels are low or suffer strong seasonality, high temperatures can override the control of MAP on EEM levels (Figure 2).…”

Section: Decreasing Precipitation Under Constantly High Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical feedbacks of vegetation and soil carbon pools to climate constraints in Brazilian ecosystems

Souza¹,

Gomes²,

Filho³

et al. 2021

Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo

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It remains unclear whether temperature and precipitation exert independent control on tropical vegetation and soil C pools. Likewise, it is unknown whether the feedbacks of tropical C pools to climate constraints vary with nutrient availability. These aspects are critical to improving our ability to predict the response of tropical C pools to climate dynamics. This review aimed to assess climate data and the spatial distribution of vegetation and soil C pools across the Brazilian territory to investigate i) whether mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature (MAT) exert independent effects on tropical C pools; ii) whether vegetation and soil C pools exhibit hierarchical feedbacks to climate; and iii) how these feedbacks reflect soil nutrient availability. To account for MAP and MAT effects on tropical C cycling, we calculated Ecosystem Effective Moisture (EEM), i.e., the difference between MAP and potential evapotranspiration. We gathered substantial evidence suggesting that under high MAT and MAP controlling EEM, plants exchange more C for water and resorb more nutrients (especially P), which limitations in plant litter reduce microbial-derived C inputs into soil organic matter. Frequent soil saturation under high EEM favors denitrification rates ("open" N cycle), allowing continuous mineralization of litter and shallow soil C pools to release nutrients, sustaining high plant C pools. With decreasing MAP levels, ecosystem C pools depend on MAT controlling evapotranspiration and EEM. Accordingly, decreasing MAP under high MAT reduces EEM, with vegetation and soil C pools co-limited by low net primary productivity (NPP), frequent fire and/or nutrient losses. Otherwise, decreasing MAP and coupled to cool temperatures allow EEM to remain positive, forcing plants to increase deep-rooting and/or shed their leaves, which nutrients are immobilized with microbial-derived C into mineral-organic associations, favoring high soil C pools. Combined, the evidence gathered suggests that the sensitivity of tropical ecosystems to global increases in temperature should not be overlooked, especially if coupled to reductions in precipitation. Overall, the horizontal distribution of vegetation and soil C pools is best described by EEM rather than temperature or precipitation alone, whereas the vertical partition of C in plant-soil systems reflects biotic responses to climate-nutrient constraints.

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Revealing soil legacy phosphorus to promote sustainable agriculture in Brazil

Cited by 115 publications

References 48 publications

Phosphorus Non-Point Pollution from Equestrian Wastes and the Need for Recycling

Phosphorus Non-Point Pollution from Equestrian Wastes and the Need for Recycling

Watershed Response to Legacy Phosphorus and Best Management Practices in an Impacted Agricultural Watershed in Florida, U.S.A.

Hierarchical feedbacks of vegetation and soil carbon pools to climate constraints in Brazilian ecosystems

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