Reverberating chambers as sources of stochastic electromagnetic fields

Corona, P.; Ferrara, Giuseppe; Migliaccio, M.

doi:10.1109/15.536065

Cited by 110 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The results often have been contradictory among them and are still object of scientific debate [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The problem cannot be considered definitely clarified and further experiments are necessary in order to increase the experimental results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A REVERBERATION CHAMBER TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF "IN VIVO" EXPOSURE OF RATS TO 1.8 GHz ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Biagi¹,

Castellana²,

Maggipinto³

et al. 2009

PIER

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Abstract-A system generating 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields for bio-medical and behavioral study on laboratory animals was designed and implemented. The system is based on a reverberation chamber. An input power up to 5 W can be sent to an indoor transmitting antenna and an electric field strength (E) more than 90 V/m can be reached inside the chamber. The system was characterized at different input powers measuring E in different points by means of a miniature sensor. Then, boxes with 300 cc of physiological liquid inside were realized as simple phantoms simulating laboratory animals (rats)Corresponding author: P. F. Biagi (biagi@fisica.uniba.it). and E inside the liquid was measured, performing several simulations by moving the phantoms (1, 2) in the chamber and/or putting them still in different positions. On the basis of these measurements, the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) and the Pe (power efficiency = SAR/input power) were determined at different powers. The actual system is characterized by a low power efficiency with respect to the "in vivo" exposition systems based on transversal electromagnetic (TEM) cells. Its advantage is to have inside the chamber a habitat similar to the usual one for the laboratory animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A REVERBERATION CHAMBER TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF "IN VIVO" EXPOSURE OF RATS TO 1.8 GHz ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Biagi¹,

Castellana²,

Maggipinto³

et al. 2009

PIER

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“…The use of MSRC has increased rapidly in the last fifteen years, mainly for EMC testing; many studies have focused on the characterization and measurement of the fields in the chamber [25,26]. As explained, the MSRC was classically used for the generation of an electromagnetic field of high amplitude to perform measurements in EMC and also for applications in telecommunications, with, for example, the implementation of wireless devices testing in broad range of multipath radio environment.…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Msrcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Stirred Reverberation Chamber (Msrc): A Large and Efficient Tool to Lead High Frequency Bioelectromagnetic in Vitro Experimentation

Lalléchère¹,

Girard²,

Roux³

et al. 2010

PIER B

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Abstract-An important aspect of the studies undertaken in bioelectromagnetism relates to the choice of exposure facility. The characteristics of a real electromagnetic environment are far more complex compared to the one plane wave irradiation set-up used in the majority of bioelectromagnetic studies. Moreover, biological requirements should represent the starting point in the design of an in vitro exposure system. Indeed it is important to avoid altering the electromagnetic properties of the exposure system in the presence of biological equipments. Related to these two essential points, this article contributes to show the advantages of a Mode Stirred Reverberation Chamber (MSRC) to guarantee a controlled electromagnetic environment around biological materials for in vitro experimentation. An example of irradiation of in vitro human skin cells cultures is considered to illustrate this paper. In order to show that the biological conditions and the physical requirements for in vitro experiments are checked, two aspects are described. Firstly we achieved the characterization of the electromagnetic field generated around the biological system (both equipments and cultures). Secondly the analysis of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) inside the biological medium was evaluated both numerically and experimentally. Initially, the statistical properties of fields inside the MSRC were checked with or without the biological devices in order to verify their electromagnetic transparency with respect to the reverberating properties of the electromagnetic environment (inside MSRC). We checked the good agreement of the experimental electromagnetic power distribution with the theoretical one.The computation of electromagnetic energy absorbed by biological medium (SAR) was based upon Finite Difference in Time Domain (FDTD) technique. A numerical analogy was achieved between the MSRC behavior and a free-space finite sum of random plane waves. Simulations are able to provide both an estimation of SAR distribution inside each biological culture dish and a computation of the coupling effects between dishes. Relying on the previous conclusions, temperature measurements were led to evaluate the experimental SAR levels and its time variations inside the MSRC. Two high-frequency (900 MHz) environments were considered: A 10 minutes exposure with field amplitude inside the biological incubator of 7.87 V/m and 30 minutes with 41 V/m (SAR ranged from 2.6 mW/kg to 73 mW/kg, mean values). Numerical and experimental results prove the ability of MSRC to provide a large and efficient tool to achieve bioelectromagnetic experiments at high frequencies.

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“…Then we average the field values to compare with the statistical concepts. It was proven that the squared magnitude of any of the electric field components propagating inside a large complex cavity as a reverberation chamber with mechanical mode stirrer, has an exponential distribution [20,22,23]. Both the radial and the longitudinal components of the field were extracted from the simulation at different planes.…”

Section: Probability Density Function Of |E Z | 2 Along the Cylindricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We concluded that the jet engine resembles the interior of a RC; it generates a statistically uniform fields. As a result, we can use all the statistical models that have been derived for the RC to figure out the electromagnetic field inside a jet engine [20,21]. The statistical analysis of the extracted field values was studied in two cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Inside a Jet Engine Using the Reverberation Chamber Approach

Abdelaziz

Trinchero²,

Khattab³

2012

PIER M

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Abstract-In this paper, the electromagnetic field distribution inside a jet engine is studied through full wave analysis. Results are statistically analyzed by comparisons to the models used for the reverberation chamber with a mechanical mode stirrer. The jet engine is simulated as an open cylinder containing one set of rotating blades by using 'Ansys R HFSS'. A simple Hertzian dipole illuminates the interior structure as an incident wave excitation representing a transmitting antenna radiating continuous wave fields. The field distribution inside the engine, which results from a distinct set of rotating positions of the blades, is primarily studied through the simulation program. In our case, the mechanical stirrer is represented by the rotating set of blades. The field values are extracted at different planes along the cylindrical engine, and the average field is statistically analyzed. We show that the squared magnitude of the field component along the engine's main axis has an exponential distribution compared to the theoretical exponential distribution proved in a reverberation chamber. This approach promises to act as a novel effective method to analyze the engine system without dealing with the complex details inside the engine cavity.

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Reverberating chambers as sources of stochastic electromagnetic fields

Cited by 110 publications

References 7 publications

A REVERBERATION CHAMBER TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF "IN VIVO" EXPOSURE OF RATS TO 1.8 GHz ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

A REVERBERATION CHAMBER TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF "IN VIVO" EXPOSURE OF RATS TO 1.8 GHz ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Mode Stirred Reverberation Chamber (Msrc): A Large and Efficient Tool to Lead High Frequency Bioelectromagnetic in Vitro Experimentation

Statistical Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Inside a Jet Engine Using the Reverberation Chamber Approach

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