Reversal of Insecticide Resistance in Florida Populations ofDiaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Insecticide resistance of adults and nymphs of Asian citrus psyllid populations from Apatzingán Valley, Mexico

“…This programme could include crop sanitation, biological and cultural control practices and rotation of insecticide classes. Diaphorina citri collected from the Apatzingán Valley in this and in previous studies has shown high susceptibility to bifenthrin or cypermethrin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dimethoate, and abamectin . Therefore, these compounds may be very good candidates for this strategy.…”

“…Second, D. citri can be subjected to up to three applications of dimethoate per year, 8 which can also promote cross-resistance with malathion and chlorpyrifos. 27 Considering the fact that dimethoate is an organophosphate, the same chemical class as malathion and chlorpyrifos, this is not an unexpected result. This situation has been reported for the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Húber) 28 and the San José scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), 29 whereby the highest resistance to organophosphate compounds was observed in populations collected at sites with intensive use of insecticides belonging to this group.…”

“…This could have increased the selection pressure, which is consistent with the high RRs observed for both compounds. Second, D. citri can be subjected to up to three applications of dimethoate per year, which can also promote cross‐resistance with malathion and chlorpyrifos . Considering the fact that dimethoate is an organophosphate, the same chemical class as malathion and chlorpyrifos, this is not an unexpected result.…”

Phylogeography of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its primary endosymbiont, ‘Candidatus Carsonella ruddii’: an evolutionary approach to host–endosymbiont interaction

“…Furthermore, studies of the population source may provide information regarding population characteristics such as basic biology and ecology. Varying levels of susceptibility to different pesticides exist in D. citri populations across citrus‐growing areas worldwide . Some pesticide resistance can be inherited and is associated with the genotype .…”

Resistance to commonly used insecticides in Asian citrus psyllid: Stability and relationship to gene expression

“…The decline in resistance in the field population indicates that if the insecticides implicated in resistance are removed from the spray schedule, reversion to susceptibility should be observable fairly rapidly in the field as was documented for D. citri previously (Coy, Liu, & Stelinski, 2016). Given the likelihood of fitness cost, it is possible that reduced insecticide use reduced the selection of resistant individuals and susceptibility among D. citri populations increased (Chen et al, 2006;Coy et al, 2016;Georghiou, 1963).…”