Reversal of reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia and catalepsy by Nardostachys jatamansi

Abstract

Context:Reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia is an animal model of tardive dyskinesia which may be associated with neurodegeneration and free radical damage.Aim:The aim was to assess the neuroprotective potential and in vivo antioxidant status of alcoholic extract of roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi (ANJ) and its triterpenes (TNJ) in reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia.Materials and Methods:In the present study, repeated treatment with reserpine (1.0 mg/kg) on each other day for a period of 5 days (days 1, 3, and 5) significantly induced vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and tongue protrusions (TPs) in rats. The effect on reserpine-induced catalepsy was also studied. The effect of ANJ and TNJ on levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the forebrain region was assessed.Statistical Analysis:All observations were expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by the one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.Results:At the end of the treatment schedule, ANJ and TNJ significantly inhibited reserpine-induced VCM, TP, and catalepsy, and significantly increased the locomotion and rearing in the open-field test. Treatment with ANJ and TNJ exhibited significant elevation in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in forebrain region compared to the reserpine treated group.Conclusions:The study concludes that ANJ and TNJ significantly protected animals against reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia as well as catalepsy suggesting its potential value in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia and Parkinson's disease.

Comparative evaluation of Nardostachys jatamansi and Mucuna pruriens as neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease

“…www.ajpp.in (Nair et al, 2007;Patil et al, 2012). We observed haloperidol significantly increases catalepsy in mice.…”

“…Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) commonly named as jatamansi belongs to family Valerianaceae shows presence of terpenes, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds which are responsible for synergistic reduction in oxidative stress via inhibition of mono-amine oxidase enzymes (Patil et al, 2012). Sequiterpines, mainly Jatamansone, and coumarins are main active constituents present in NJ including other sequiterpines such as Alpha-patcho-ulense, Betaeudesemo, beta-sitosterol, elemol, angelicin, jatamansin, jatamansinol, calarene, beta-atchoulense, n-hexaco-sanyl, nhexacosane, Oroselol, valeranal, valeranone, seychelane, nardostachnol, nardostachone and also volatile oil (Nakoti et al, 2017;Mishra et al, 2014).…”

Genetic Factors Associated With Tardive Dyskinesia: From Pre-clinical Models to Clinical Studies

“…Animal experiments studied candidate pathways involved in TD development on the level of functional perturbations due to treatment with antipsychotics. Inflammation ( Bishnoi and Boparai 2012 ; Grover et al, 2013 ; Thakur et al, 2015 ; Datta et al, 2016 ; Peroza et al, 2016 ; Sonego et al, 2018 ; Soung et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2021a ) and oxidative stress defense ( Patil et al, 2012 ; Grover et al, 2013 ; Nade et al, 2013 ; Thakur et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2015 ; Datta et al, 2016 ; Schaffer et al, 2016 ; Samad and Haleem 2017 ; Dhingra et al, 2018 ; Sonego et al, 2018 ; Soung et al, 2018 ; Tsai et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021a ) pathways were among the most studied ones. Accordingly, different antioxidants were tested as potential agents for the treatment of TD.…”

“…Accordingly, different antioxidants were tested as potential agents for the treatment of TD. Many studies showed decreased levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH), either in their quantity or antioxidant capacity, upon treatment with haloperidol ( Grover et al, 2013 ; Thakur et al, 2015 ; Datta et al, 2016 ; Samad and Haleem 2017 ; Dhingra et al, 2018 ; Sonego et al, 2018 ; Tsai et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021a ), reserpine ( Patil et al, 2012 ; Nade et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2015 ; Soung et al, 2018 ) or fluphenazine ( Schaffer et al, 2016 ). Studies have also shown that a plethora of cytokines are elevated upon treatment with antipsychotics, such as TNF- α ( Bishnoi and Boparai 2012 ; Grover et al, 2013 ; Thakur et al, 2015 ; Datta et al, 2016 ; Peroza et al, 2016 ; Sonego et al, 2018 ; Soung et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2021a ), IL-1 β ( Grover et al, 2013 ; Thakur et al, 2015 ; Datta et al, 2016 ; Peroza et al, 2016 ; Sonego et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2021a ), IL6 ( Datta et al, 2016 ; Peroza et al, 2016 ; Sonego et al, 2018 ; Soung et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2021a ), and IFN- γ ( Peroza et al, 2016 ).…”

Neuroprotective Effect of Methanolic Extract of Sargassum Wightii on Haloperidol Induced Catalepsy and Tardive Dyskinesia in Albino Rats

“…Evidence from many experimental and clinical studies also suggests that neuroleptics induce oxidative stress and cell death. Even lipid peroxidation byproducts in blood and cerebrospinal fluid are increased in patients with tardive dyskinesia [7,8].…”