Reverse Austenite Transformation and Grain Growth in a Low-Carbon Steel

Garcin, Thomas; Ueda, Keiji; Militzer, Matthias

doi:10.1007/s11661-016-3855-2

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Consequently, the increase in line tension as a result of the increased interface length caused by the perturbation can be calculated using Eq. [3]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SECOND-PHASE particles can provide a significant local pinning force on moving grain boundaries and moving interfaces and this effect can be, and is being, used to control the final grain size in polycrystalline metals exposed to a thermal treatment. [1][2][3][4] In microalloyed steels, carbide, nitride or carbonitride forming species, such as Nb or Ti, are widely used to assist microstructural control during thermomechanical processing by arresting static recrystallisation of austenite at low temperatures and inhibiting austenite grain coarsening. [5][6][7][8][9] A first theoretical analysis of the interaction of pre-existing (stationary) particles with migrating grain boundaries during recrystallization (i.e., conditions in which the same phase is present on both sides of the interface, but there is a large difference in dislocation density) was formulated by Zener and presented by Smith.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed In Situ Hot Stage Transmission Electron Microscope Observations of the Localized Pinning of a Mobile Ferrite-Austenite Interface in a Fe-C-Mn Alloy by a Single Oxidic Particle

Nutter

Rainforth

Zwaag

2020

Metall Mater Trans A

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The current study reports the detailed analysis of an observation of the local pinning of a slowly moving austenite-ferrite interface by a single nanosized oxidic particle. The observations were made during an in situ cyclic partial phase transformation experiment on a Fe-0.1C-1.0Mn alloy close to the inversion stage at which the interface migrates at a rather low velocity. The low velocity allowed capturing the interface pinning effect over a period of no less than 16 seconds. From our observations, it was possible to follow the progression of the pinning effect from the initial stages all the way through to the release of the interface. The pinning force exerted by the individual particle having a diameter of 140 nm on the austenite-ferrite interface was estimated as 175 nJ m À1 , while the maximum pinning length was approximately 750 nm to either side of the particle, leading to an interface line tension of 170 nJ m À1. The observed pinning behavior is compared with the most relevant models in the literature.

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“…Consequently, the increase in line tension as a result of the increased interface length caused by the perturbation can be calculated using Eq. [3]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed In Situ Hot Stage Transmission Electron Microscope Observations of the Localized Pinning of a Mobile Ferrite-Austenite Interface in a Fe-C-Mn Alloy by a Single Oxidic Particle

Nutter

Rainforth

Zwaag

2020

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…This measuring principle was already used and validated for several applications. Garcin et al [ 31 ] investigated the influence of prior austenitic grain size and phase on the growth during reheating. In their work, Militzer et al [ 26 ] measured inter alia the phase transformation and grain development during the simulation of a dual torch welding process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Microstructural Evolution during Hot Stamping of a Carburized Complex Phase Steel by Laser-Ultrasonics

Horn

Merklein

2021

Materials

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Prior carburization of semi-finished steel sheets is a new process variant in hot stamping to manufacture parts with tailored properties. Compared to conventional hot stamping processes, a complex phase typed steel alloy is used instead of 22MnB5. Yet recent investigations focused on final mechanical properties rather than microstructural mechanisms cause an increase in strength. Thus, the influence of additional carburization on the microstructural evolution during hot stamping of a complex phase steel CP-W®800 is investigated within this work. The phase transformation behavior, as well as the grain growth during austenitization, is evaluated by in-situ measurements employing a laser-ultrasound sensor. The results are correlated with additional hardness measurements in as-quenched condition and supplementary micrographs. The experiments reveal that the carburization process significantly improves the hardenability of the CP-W®800. However, even at quenching rates of 70 K/s no fully martensitic microstructure was achievable. Still, the resulting hardness of the carburized samples might exceed the fully martensitic hardness of 22MnB5 derived from literature. Furthermore, the carburization process has no adverse effect on the fine grain stability of the complex phase steel. This makes it more robust in terms of grain size than the conventional hot stamping steel 22MnB5.

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“…In polycrystalline materials, these occur primarily at grain boundaries. Thus, in metallic materials such as aluminum alloys, conclusions can be drawn about grain size changes due to absorption [17] and precipitation effects due to velocity variation [18].…”

Section: Non-destructive Contact-free Measurement Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a novel in-situ measurement method for thermo-mechanically coupled material characterization of high-strength aluminum alloys

Rigas

Garcin²,

Kuball

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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High-strength aluminum alloys are more and more used for safety and crash-relevant components due to their advantageous density-to-strength ratio. By using thermal-supported forming strategies, failure-free deep drawing is possible for these materials. In this context, the hot form quench process (HFQ®) has shown to be a promising thermally-assisted forming strategy. By using locally tempered forming tools, the production of tailored components with different mechanical properties is possible. However, material characterization and process design with conventional characterization methods are quite challenging in this context. A new approach is the use of ultrasound-assisted material characterization in combination with a thermo-mechanical simulator. Thereby it is possible to perform an in-situ material characterization. So far, this technology is mainly used for steel materials. In this contribution, the potential of an adapted measurement strategy for high-strength aluminum alloys is presented. For this purpose, the influence of different measurement parameters on modified samples and the resulting measurement signal is investigated. With the help of this study, new standards are set for time-bound material characterization under thermo-mechanical stress. As a result, thermally-assisted forming methods can be designed more efficiently and faster in the future.

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Reverse Austenite Transformation and Grain Growth in a Low-Carbon Steel

Cited by 20 publications

References 63 publications

Detailed In Situ Hot Stage Transmission Electron Microscope Observations of the Localized Pinning of a Mobile Ferrite-Austenite Interface in a Fe-C-Mn Alloy by a Single Oxidic Particle

Detailed In Situ Hot Stage Transmission Electron Microscope Observations of the Localized Pinning of a Mobile Ferrite-Austenite Interface in a Fe-C-Mn Alloy by a Single Oxidic Particle

Investigation of the Microstructural Evolution during Hot Stamping of a Carburized Complex Phase Steel by Laser-Ultrasonics

Development of a novel in-situ measurement method for thermo-mechanically coupled material characterization of high-strength aluminum alloys

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