Reverse electrodialysis: A validated process model for design and optimization

Veerman, J.A.; Saakes, Michel; Metz, S.J.; Harmsen, G.J.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.10.071

Cited by 223 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Veerman et al [8] estimated activity coefficients by the Extended Debye-Hü ckel (EDH) equation. This well-known theory is rigorously valid only for electrolyte solutions at infinite dilution.…”

Section: Model Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the analysis of the state-of-the-art on SGP-RE process modelling, the cell pair model proposed in 2011 by Veerman et al [8] for river water/ seawater SGP-RE has been considered and re-adapted to the more complex case of seawater and brine. Then, starting from the cell pair model, a hierarchical structure has been implemented using gPROMS, a powerful dynamic process simulator, aiming at the modelling of the entire stack behaviour, which has been eventually validated by comparison with experimental information.…”

Section: Focus Of the Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulation results show how power output is largely affected by membrane thickness, indicating that the development of novel thinner membranes can give a significant enhancement of process efficiency. Finally, a model for SGP-RE cell pair was proposed by Veerman et al [8], based on thermodynamic equations for cell pair voltage calculation and transport equations coupled with electrical model equations for mass/charge flux across IEMs. The model also included three adjustable parameters, physically related to spacer shadow effects, osmotic diffusion and co-ionic flux through the membrane.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Of Modelling Sgp-re Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, starting from the cell pair model, a hierarchical structure has been implemented using gPROMS, a powerful dynamic process simulator, aiming at the modelling of the entire stack behaviour, which has been eventually validated by comparison with experimental information. Simplifying assumptions have been done for model implementation [8]:…”

Section: Focus Of the Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the Reverse ElectroDialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines

Tedesco

Cipollina

Tamburini

et al. 2012

Desalination and Water Treatment

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This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Modelling the A B S T R A C TTechnologies for the exploitation of renewable energies have been dramatically increasing in number, complexity and type of source adopted. Among the others, the use of saline gradient power is one of the latest emerging possibilities, related to the use of the osmotic/chemical potential energy of concentrated saline solutions. Nowadays, the fate of this renewable energy source is intrinsically linked to the development of the pressure retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis technologies. In the latter, the different concentrations of two saline solutions is used as a driving force for the direct production of electricity within a stack very similar to the conventional electrodialysis ones. In the present work, carried out in the EU-FP7 funded REAPower project, a multi-scale mathematical model for the Salinity Gradient Power Reverse Electrodialysis (SGP-RE) process with seawater and concentrated brines has been developed. The model is based on mass balance and constitutive equations collected from relevant scientific literature for the simulation of the process under extreme conditions of solutions concentration. A multi-scale structure allows the simulation of the single cell pair and the entire SGP-RE stack. The first can be seen as the elementary repeating unit constituted by cationic and anionic membrane and the relevant two channels where dilute and concentrate streams flow. The reverse electro-dialysis stack is constituted by a number of cell pairs, the electrode compartments and the feed streams distribution system. The model has been implemented using gPROMS Ò , a powerful dynamic modelling process simulator. Experimental information, collected from the FUJIFILM laboratories in Tilburg (the Netherlands), has been used to perform the tuning of model formulation and eventually to validate model predictions under different operating conditions. Finally, the model has been used to simulate different possible scenarios and perform a preliminary analysis of the influence of some process operating conditions on the final stack performance.

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Section: Model Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Focus Of the Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State-of-the-art Of Modelling Sgp-re Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Focus Of the Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the Reverse ElectroDialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines

Tedesco

Cipollina

Tamburini

et al. 2012

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…If the number of cells connected is large enough, the total voltage will be larger than the electrode reaction potential, and energy can be extracted. Although considerable advances have been produced in both techniques, [4][5][6][7]9,15 they are mostly at the laboratory scale. However, a recent analysis has shown that, at least for the river and sea water availabilities in the Dutch coast, a 1 MW RED plant could be competitive in the near future.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyelectrolyte-coated carbons used in the generation of blue energy from salinity differences

Ahualli

Jiménez

Fernández

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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In this work we present a method for the production of clean, renewable electrical energy from the exchange of solutions with different salinities. Activated carbon films are coated with negatively or positively charged polyelectrolytes by well-established adsorption methods. When two oppositely charged coated films are placed in contact with an ionic solution, the potential difference between them will be equal to the difference between their Donnan potentials, and hence, energy can be extracted by building an electrochemical cell with such electrodes. A model is elaborated on the operation of the cell, based on the electrokinetic theory of soft particles. All the features of the model are experimentally reproduced, although a small quantitative difference concerning the maximum opencircuit voltage is found, suggesting that the coating is the key point to improve the efficiency. In the used experimental conditions, we obtain a power of 12.1 mW/m 2 . Overall, the method proves to be a fruitful and simple approach to salinity-gradient energy production.Obtaining energy from salinity differences as those existing in river mouths 1,2 is a challenging task involving various complications. Although several attempts have been reported, 3-10 no one appears to prevail over the others, and a final choice has not been made. This applies as well to the recent proposals of the capmix group, 11 based on the change in the capacitance of the electrical double layer (EDL) at the interface between a conducting electrode and an ionic solution, when the salinity of the latter is modified.The capmix methods are not the only ones devised to harvest salinity difference energy. Desalination techniques operated in reverse are good candidates, in particular, pressureretarded osmosis (PRO), 8,12,13 and reverse electrodyalisis (RED). 3,14 In the former, fresh water is allowed to flow through a semipermeable membrane into a pressurized sea a Department of Applied Physics, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. b Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universit degli Studi di MilanoBicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza (MB) 20900, Italy. * Corresponding author, E-mail: sahualli@ugr.es water chamber; this high-pressure solution is used to obtain electrical energy by depressurizing it through a turbine. In RED, concentrated salt solutions and fresh water flow through alternating cells which are separated by ion exchange membranes; the cells will be alternatively enriched in cations and anions, thus producing, respectively, negative and positive potentials at the corresponding electrodes. If the number of cells connected is large enough, the total voltage will be larger than the electrode reaction potential, and energy can be extracted. Although considerable advances have been produced in both techniques, [4][5][6][7]9,15 they are mostly at the laboratory scale. However, a recent analysis has shown that, at least for the river and sea water availabilities in the Dutch coast, a 1 MW RED plant could be competitive in the near f...

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Applications of Charged Membranes in Separation, Fuel Cells, and Emerging Processes

Pourcelly¹,

Nikonenko²,

Pismenskaya³

et al. 2012

Ionic Interactions in Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules

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Reverse electrodialysis: A validated process model for design and optimization

Cited by 223 publications

References 19 publications

Modelling the Reverse ElectroDialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines

Modelling the Reverse ElectroDialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines

Polyelectrolyte-coated carbons used in the generation of blue energy from salinity differences

Applications of Charged Membranes in Separation, Fuel Cells, and Emerging Processes

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