Reverse Innovation in Technology-Based Foreign Language Learning: Results of Three Surveys of Secondary and Higher Education Institutions in Cameroon

Abstract

Conceptualised in the field of management sciences, the theory of Reverse Innovation states that there are processes of technologies' and knowledge transfer operating from the base of the pyramid (i.e., the least economically and technologically developed countries) to the top where most of the industrialised nations are found. This article presents three field surveys carried out with secondary and higher education institutions in Cameroon. It shows that developing countries are contributing to the enrichment of technology-based foreign language learning through technical, pedagogical, and didactic adaptations carried out daily.