Reverse poly(butylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(butylene oxide) block copolymers with lengthy hydrophilic blocks as efficient single and dual drug-loaded nanocarriers with synergistic toxic effects on cancer cells

Abstract

Reverse triblock copolymer micelles with lengthy polyethylene oxide blocks as efficient sustained dual drug-loaded nanocarriers.

“One-pot” aminolysis/thia-Michael addition preparation of well-defined amphiphilic PVDF-b-PEG-b-PVDF triblock copolymers: self-assembly behaviour in mixed solvents

“…13,14 The formation of such bridges is favoured when the hydrophobic core-forming block is smaller than the stabilizing corona segments. 15,16 If the hydrophilic block is too short, the conformational energy will not be favourable to the formation of loops. There must be a compromise between inter-chain interactions, increasing with the length of the hydrophilic block, and the formation of loops, also favored by longer chains.…”

Combination of light-driven co-delivery of chemodrugs and plasmonic-induced heat for cancer therapeutics using hybrid protein nanocapsules

“…10–30% and 13–18%, respectively, depending on the solution pH and the composition of the nanocarrier. This initial leakage from the particles is rather lower than that observed from different polymeric nanoparticles and micelles [62–64], nanogels [65] or solid lipid nanoparticles [66], and similar to that of many other anticancer drug-liposome [67, 68] and polymeric micelles and particles-based [14, 69, 70] formulations. However, it is worth recognising that nowadays some few different nanocarriers have designed that completely block the uncontrolled premature leakage of the cargo and allowing its complete release in the targeted site on-demand under controlled internal or external stimuli [24, 35, 71, 72].…”

“…65–70%). This larger toxic effect has been attributed to the targeting delivery of the nanocarrier to the cancerous cells and the synergistic effect provided by the released of the co-encapsulated drugs, as observed for some other formulations simultaneously encapsulating several chemodrugs as liposomes [68, 74], polymeric micelles and nanoparticles [8, 9, 14, 16], nanogels and hydrogels [75, 76], inorganic nanoparticles [18, 19], etc.

Fig. 7Cellular viability of drug-loaded GNRs@HSA/CS hybrid NPs (closed symbols), and free drugs (open symbols) expressed as survival rates for free DTX (filled black square, open black square) and free DTX + DOXO (filled red circle, open red circle), respectively, in breast MDA-MB-231 cancerous cells for a 24 h and b 48 h of incubation as a function of DTX concentration.

…”

“…To achieve these goals, different types of nanovehicles containing at least two therapeutical compounds with different physicochemical and pharmacological properties have been designed. For example, polymeric-based NPs such as folic acid–modified poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactic acid- co -glycolic acid) (FA–PEG–PLGA) NPs were used to simultaneously deliver cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PTX) for non-small cell lung cancer treatment [13]; poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly( d,l -lactic acid) (PEG- b -PLA) micelles for the co-delivery of PTX and rapamycin (RAP) to endothelial cells (HUVEC) in order to avoid cell proliferation, tubule formation, migration and apoptosis induction [10]; poly(butylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(butylene oxide) (BO n EO m BO n ) block copolymer micelles containing DTX and DOXO to achieve synergistic toxic effects against breast cancer cells [14]; liposomal formulations (some of them already in clinical trials) which combine cytarabine/daunorubicin (CPX-351) and irinotecan/loxuridine (CPX-1) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and colorectal cancer, respectively [15]; chitosan–alginate NPs containing DOXO and vincristine (VCR) encapsulated into vitamin E d -α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-modified PLGA NPs for chemotherapy of lung cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and osteosarcoma [16]; calcium carbonate NPs loaded with drug resistance inhibitors such as celecoxib (CXB) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to downregulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and depletion of glutathione (GSH) synthesis to inhibit reverse MDR [17]; GNR-based nanocarriers for the co-administration of DOXO and K-Ras targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) for pancreas cancer therapy [18]; and mesoporous silica NPs (MSNPs) to deliver DOXO and Bcl-2-targeted siRNA to fight against multidrug resistant A2780/AD human ovarian cancer cells [19].…”

Deepening the insight into poly(butylene oxide)-block-poly(glycidol) synthesis and self-assemblies: micelles, worms and vesicles

“…Recent studies also highlight the increased cytocompatibility of PBO containing self-assemblies compared to nanoparticles made of more hydrophobic blocks, reinforcing its biomedical relevance. [45][46][47][48] The combination of PG as hydrophilic and PBO as hydrophobic block in amphiphilic block copolymers and their selfassembly will be advantageous for possible biomedical applications. In this work, we present an improved, microwave-based synthesis of PBO-b-PG diblock copolymers.…”