Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic determination of phenols in auto exhaust and tobacco smoke as p-nitrobenzeneazophenol derivatives

Kuwata, Kazuhiro; Uebori, Michiko; Yamazaki, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1021/ac00232a054

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Cresols have many industrial uses and anthropogenic sources, and the predominant source of human exposure to cresols is atmospheric (Williams et al 2008). Cresols have been detected in auto exhaust (Kuwata, Uebori, and Yamazaki 1981) as well as biomass combustion (Pellizzari 1977) and coal combustion (Graedel 1979). Nitro-cresol measurements build upon work performed by Bannan et al (2017), where nitrophenols in the solid phase were measured and experimental data showed higher levels of partitioning into the aerosol phase than predictive models would suggest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The effect of structure and isomerism on the vapor pressures of organic molecules and its potential atmospheric relevance

Dang

Bannan

Shelley

et al. 2019

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) was used to find the solid state vapor pressures of a range of atmospherically relevant organic molecules from 298 K to 333 K. The selection of species analyzed allowed for the effect of structural isomerism, specifically positional isomerism, and stereoisomerism, specifically geometric isomerism, on solid state vapor pressure to be investigated. In addition, the effect of varying the number of carboxylic acid groups present within a molecule's structure and of varying alkyl chain length was assessed. The solid state vapor pressures were converted to subcooled liquid vapor pressures using experimental heat of fusion and melting point values. The resulting subcooled liquid vapor pressures were found to be up to 7 orders of magnitude lower than the vapor pressures estimated from models. Some of this variation between experimentally determined subcooled liquid vapor pressures and predicted vapor pressures, which use group contribution methods, can be attributed to the effects of isomerism which are largely not taken into account in models. Whilst these techniques might have both structural and parametric uncertainties, of the compound classes tested, a general inverse relationship between melting point and solid state vapor pressure was observed. Within each compound class the variations in vapor pressure can be attributed to the number and size of functional groups present and the relative positions of those functional groups to each other both positionally and geometrically. These two factors impact upon both the molecules' dipole moments and upon their ability to interact both intramolecularly and intermolecularly via hydrogen bonding, thus explaining the differences in observed vapor pressure. Partitioning calculations using a range of condensed mass loadings show that whilst using vapor pressure values derived from models would put most of the compounds in the vapor phase, using the experimental values obtained here would mean a significant fraction of the organic molecules would be in the condensed phase. This could have a significant impact upon the formation and nature of atmospheric aerosol, and comparisons with ambient data obtained from other mass spectrometry techniques during bonfire night in Manchester in 2016 are made in an attempt to assess this potential atmospheric importance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The effect of structure and isomerism on the vapor pressures of organic molecules and its potential atmospheric relevance

Dang

Bannan

Shelley

et al. 2019

Aerosol Science and Technology

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show abstract

“…Phenols pose a significant threat to the environment and are mainly found as dilute contaminants in ground water as well as in surface water [17][18][19][20]. Phenolic compounds are toxic to aquatic life and have the ability to impart tastes and odours to drinking water even at parts per billion levels [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Light Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants over Titania Pillared Zirconium Phosphate and Titanium Phosphate

Das¹,

Parida²

2008

Catal Surv Asia

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Titania pillared zirconium phosphate (ZrP) and titanium phosphate (TiP) were prepared by intercalating Ti (IV) isopropoxide sol in the interlayers of the mono sodium form of the corresponding metal phosphate. The sol-intercalated samples were activated at various temperatures and characterized by XRD, UV-vis DRS, FTIR, BET-surface area, BJH-pore size distribution and acid sites measurement. Basal spacing and surface area analyses revealed that highest amount of pillaring has taken place with 2 and 4 wt.% titania loading for ZrP and TiP, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), phenol, methylene blue (MB) and hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) was studied in aqueous solution over the neat as well as pillared materials under solar irradiation. Catalytic activity tests revealed that hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) were completely degraded under acidic conditions, whereas, the same was observed in almost neutral conditions for phenol and methylene blue (MB) over 0.6 g/L of catalyst.

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“…Oxidation reactions involving phenols and related compounds (for example quinines) are of interest by virtue of their important roles as antioxidants [1] and polymer photosensitizers [2]. Phenol poses a significant treat to the environment and are mainly found as dilute contaminants in ground waste as well as in surface water [3][4][5][6]. Phenolic compounds are toxic to aquatic life and have the ability to impart tastes and odours to drinking water even at parts per billion levels [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-oxidation of phenol over titania pillared zirconium phosphate and titanium phosphate

Das

Parida

2005

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic determination of phenols in auto exhaust and tobacco smoke as p-nitrobenzeneazophenol derivatives

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

The effect of structure and isomerism on the vapor pressures of organic molecules and its potential atmospheric relevance

The effect of structure and isomerism on the vapor pressures of organic molecules and its potential atmospheric relevance

Solar Light Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants over Titania Pillared Zirconium Phosphate and Titanium Phosphate

Photo-oxidation of phenol over titania pillared zirconium phosphate and titanium phosphate

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