2022
DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac7081
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Reversible Hydrogen and Pd Hydride Reference Electrodes with Electrochemically Supplied H2 for High Temperature and Pressure Electrochemistry

Abstract: A reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a Palladium hydride (PdH) reference electrode are proposed with a convenient design for use at high temperatures and pressures (HTP). A constant electrochemically driven supply of H2 on the RHE or PdH surface ensures preservation of the H2 equilibrium potential and mixed (α+β)-phase in the PdH layer, respectively, thereby ensuring stable potentials at HTP conditions for prolonged periods of time. Furthermore, the potential of the PdH reference electrode is calibrated a… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…While this satisfies the principles of a (reversible) hydrogen reference electrode (RHE) in aqueous electrolyte solutions, that is the hydrogen redox reaction (H + (aq) + 1e À * * 0.5H 2(g) ) on Pt eventually establishing the equilibrium potential (i. e., 0.000 V vs. RHE) for measurements at given pH [36][37][38], this is not valid in aprotic organic solvents [39]. As described above, the Mini Hydro-Flex ® RE is also comprised of Pd [35], which exhibits a strong solubility towards H 2 , that is up to ~1000 times its volume of dissolved hydrogen within the crystal structure [39][40][41][42]. Such formed palladium hydride (PdH) is capable of providing hydrogen cations and thus establishing a reversible hydrogen electrode even in aprotic solution [39,43].…”
Section: Reference Electrode Compartmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…While this satisfies the principles of a (reversible) hydrogen reference electrode (RHE) in aqueous electrolyte solutions, that is the hydrogen redox reaction (H + (aq) + 1e À * * 0.5H 2(g) ) on Pt eventually establishing the equilibrium potential (i. e., 0.000 V vs. RHE) for measurements at given pH [36][37][38], this is not valid in aprotic organic solvents [39]. As described above, the Mini Hydro-Flex ® RE is also comprised of Pd [35], which exhibits a strong solubility towards H 2 , that is up to ~1000 times its volume of dissolved hydrogen within the crystal structure [39][40][41][42]. Such formed palladium hydride (PdH) is capable of providing hydrogen cations and thus establishing a reversible hydrogen electrode even in aprotic solution [39,43].…”
Section: Reference Electrode Compartmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…RHE) for measurements at given pH [36–38], this is not valid in aprotic organic solvents [39]. As described above, the Mini HydroFlex® RE is also comprised of Pd [35], which exhibits a strong solubility towards H 2 , that is up to ~1000 times its volume of dissolved hydrogen within the crystal structure [39–42]. Such formed palladium hydride (PdH) is capable of providing hydrogen cations and thus establishing a reversible hydrogen electrode even in aprotic solution [39, 43].…”
Section: Design and Construction Of The Cryo‐electrochemical Setupmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, since high-pressure synthesis is a completely closed system, it is possible to prevent unexpected chemical reactions based on the inflow of oxygen from outside during macroscopic compositional modulation by anisotropic ion diffusion. Although a number of high-temperature and high-pressure electrochemical cells have been demonstrated in previous studies, these studies aimed at power generation, and the target pressure was 0.05 GPa or less. In contrast, HPDC focuses on material synthesis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…40 In the pure α and β phase, the OCP of Pd hydride in a solution varies with the change of hydrogen content, while the mixed α + β phase has a constant potential regardless of the lattice hydrogen content. 41 Taking advantage of the stable potential of α + β phase, Pd hydride has been used as reference electrodes 42,43 and pH sensors. 9,[44][45][46][47] However, the application of Pd hydride pH sensor is limited by the spontaneous release of H 2 gas.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%