Reversing Breast Cancer Stem Cell into Breast Somatic Stem Cell

2018

Indones Biomed J

BACKGROUND: Generally ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive, slow growing, non-metastatic epithelial odontogenic benign tumor. However, rarely some ameloblastoma can metastasize in spite of a benign histologic appearance. Targeting ameloblastoma by inducing it into apoptosis could be a beneficial strategy, since many ameloblastoma cases were reported recurrent after surgical therapy.CONTENT: To investigate ameloblastoma in cellular aspect,cytological pattern of ameloblastoma was divided intoouter layer/peripheral and inner layer/central cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Fas ligand (FasL), TNF receptor (TNFR)1/death receptor (DR)1, TNFR2/DR2, DR4, DR5andFas were highly expressed in central than peripheral cells. Despite inducing apoptosis, TNF-α can induce PI3K leading to Akt and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation in AM-1 cells, which later induce cell survival and proliferation. Therefore apoptotic induction in ameloblastoma should be suggested in higher TNF-α concentration. Expression of FasL and Fas are closely associated with squamous metaplasia and granular transformation of the tumor cells, suggesting that apoptosis induced by FasL may play a role in the terminally differentiated or degenerative ameloblastoma cells. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as an apoptotic inducing anticancer agent in tumor cells specifically. TRAIL induced activation of caspases, lowering mitochondrial membrane potential, high number of apoptotic cells in ameloblastoma cells. Therefore, TRAIL could be a potential agent for targeting ameloblastoma, although further study should be explored.SUMMARY: Targeting ameloblastoma by inducing it into apoptosis could be achieved effectively, although some criteria should be considered. Therefore understanding the underlying apoptosis signaling pathways are necessary for inducing ameloblasotma into apoptosis. Investigations on other apoptosis-related molecules, potential apoptosis-inducing natural products, and novel approach in reprogramming, are important in the future for a better anagement of ameloblastoma.KEYWORDS: ameloblastoma, apoptosis, TNF, Fas, TRAIL, Akt, MAPK, caspase

Section: Future Research Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Ameloblatoma into Apoptosis

2018

Indones Biomed J

“…For example, proliferation and survival of CD133+ glioma CSCs were shown relied on Hedgehog pathway (Clement, et al, 2007;Ehtesham, et al, 2007) Major signaling pathways in normal stem cells regulating proliferation and differentiation were also shown to be the key player in CSCs. These pathways could be suggested as the target for CSC eradication (Crea, et al, 2011) or CSC reprogram (Wijaya, et al, 2011).…”

Section: Csc In Pgxmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Outlook on Pharmacogenetics (PGx): Focus in MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)

Indones J Cancer Chemoprevent

2019

It has been known that there are differences in response to medications both in terms of clinical activity and side effects. Among all influencing factors, genetic variation has been considered to play a crucial part. By genetic investigation, the differences in drug metabolism, transport and target could be disclosed. Termed as “pharmacogenetics (PGx)”, that focuses on the variants within one or more candidate genes. Genetic tests have been started for screening polymorphisms prior to drug prescription, moreover many biomarkers were developed in oncology. Recent PGx investigations have been conducted to identify mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and other downstream signals that are affected by variation in genes that might cause drug response variability. Another intriguing study related to PGx in cancer stem cells (CSCs) has recently aroused. CSC shows more resistant behavior to drug. CSCs are subpopulation of cells, which share some same markers with stem cells. CSC can induce specific signal transduction pathways. Variation in genes affect CSCs activity are generally neglected in the past PGx studies. This could be one of the explanation why past PGx studies in cancer cell do not achieve optimal clinical outcome. Keywords : pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, microRNAs, cancer stem cells

“…13 The application of stem cell therapy in the medical field are rapidly developing. Efforts to achieve the applications also vary, such as the development of stem cell and its microenvironment isolation methods 14,15 , development of methods to increase the number of stem cells [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] , the development of stem cell differentiation methods 23 (including cell reprogramming) 24,25 , stem cell storage methods 26,27 , the development of stem cell transplantation methods 16,28 , etc. Since then, some particular stem cell types with their potential differentiation capacities can be isolated and cultured to meet the requirement of each clinical study to be explored.…”

Section: B I O P H a R M A C E U T I C A L I N S T I T U T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Herbal Extract in Stem Cell Development

2018

Mol Cell Biomed Sci

Stem cell research has been developed and today we can witness some stem cell clinical trials are on going in Indonesia. To meet a successful stem cell treatment, several factors need to be considered, such as cell number. Cell number has been reported to be crucial, and therefore optimal cell number should be achieved. Meanwhile, in some circumstances, cell number is not enough, therefore, cell number should be enriched in an in vitro stem cell culture setting. In an in vitro stem cell culture, besides suitable and sterile equipment, reagents such as culture medium, serum and antibiotics are all important. Although all those criteria are fulfilled, somehow stem cell enrichment cannot be achieved, cell number is still below the target. Modification of stem cell microenvironment should then be an alternative. The addition of growth factors is a part of the strategies to reach a better enrichment. So that, stem cells could later be induced to proliferate at a higher rate. This strategy was then pursued by the scientist involved in herbal medicine. Herbal extracts were now highly investigated due to its potential to induce cell proliferation. Some herbal extracts inducing proliferation and differentiation of stem cell will be shown and described.Keywords: herbal extract, stem cell, progenitor cell, proliferation, differentiation