Review and application of Rainflow residue processing techniques for accurate fatigue damage estimation

Marsh, Gabriel; Wignall, Colin; Thies, Philipp R.; Barltrop, Nigel; Incecik, Atilla; Venugopal, Vengatesan; Johanning, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.10.007

Cited by 129 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Then the offline version of the optimization problem in (8) is convex in the charge and discharge variables. [46], [47] and is used in the proof of the optimality of the online policy. The penalty term in the objective function (8a) is clearly convex in c and d, but the convexity of the term associated with the cycle stress functions is not obvious because of the nonlinear Rainflow(·) function in (8f).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Battery Control Under Cycle Aging Mechanisms in Pay for Performance Settings

Shi

Tan

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We study the optimal control of battery energy storage under a general "pay-for-performance" setup such as providing frequency regulation and renewable integration. In these settings, batteries need to carefully balance the trade-off between following the instruction signals and their degradation costs in real-time. Existing battery control strategies either do not consider the uncertainty of future signals, or cannot accurately account for battery cycle aging mechanism during operation. In this work, we take a different approach to the optimal battery control problem. Instead of attacking the complexity of battery degradation function or the lack of future information one at a time, we address these two challenges together in a joint fashion. In particular, we present an electrochemically accurate and trackable battery degradation model called the rainflow cyclebased model. We prove the degradation cost is convex. Then we propose an online control policy with a simple threshold structure and show it achieve near-optimal performance with respect to an offline controller that has complete future information. We explicitly characterize the optimality gap and show it is independent to the duration of operation. Simulation results with both synthetic and real regulation traces are conducted to illustrate the theoretical results.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Battery Control Under Cycle Aging Mechanisms in Pay for Performance Settings

Shi

Tan

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rain‐flow counting method was adopted to count the effective number of load cycles in one block of the preprocessed load data . The mean and amplitude load value can be obtained for each load cycle.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rain-flow counting method was adopted to count the effective number of load cycles in one block of the preprocessed load data. 21,22 The mean and amplitude load value can be obtained for each load cycle. For nonsymmetrical load time series, the mean and amplitude loads are considered to be 2D random variables, which can be described as probability distribution.…”

Section: Rain-flow Cycle Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic load spectrum and fatigue behaviour of high‐speed train's equipment cabin

Zhou

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In present study, the aerodynamic fatigue behaviour of train equipment cabin was investigated. Pressure sensors were arranged at train passing side. Eight‐grade load spectrum was constructed by means of rain‐flow counting, and fatigue damage was calculated with Miner's rule and Carten‐Dolan rule, both for the matrix metals and welds. For welds, defect detection was considered via visual inspection with nondestructive test (VI‐NDT), pure nondestructive test (P‐NDT), and without nondestructive test (W‐NDT). The result confirms that welds play an unfavourable role rather than matrix metals. Weld damage in W‐NDT exceeds its limit (1.0) to designed mileage. Then, damage influence was studied under tunnel passing, train passing, and running direction. Running direction as the head car contributes 82% to approximately 86% and 70% to approximately 77% of the total damage for matrix metal and welds, respectively. Train passing gives more damage to matrix metals than welds. Tunnel passing contributes 25% to approximately 26% for both matrix metals and welds.

show abstract

“…It can convert the measured torque data from the time domain to the frequency domain (ASTM, 1985) [23]. This will separate the individual simple stress cycles from complex irregular load history [24]. Mean torque can significantly affect the fatigue life of the PTO gear-train.…”

Section: Gear Strength Of the Pto Gear-trainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Analysis of a PTO (Power Take-Off) Gear-Train of a Multi-Purpose Cultivator during a Rotary Ditching Operation

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optimal design of transmission gears is important to ensure product durability and reliability. This study measured a multi-purpose cultivator during a rotary ditching operation and analyzed the strength of the power take off (PTO) gear-train for the cultivator using analysis software (KISSsoft, KISSsoft AG—A Gleason Company, Bubikon, Switzerland) based on ISO 6336 standards and a modified Miner’s rule. A load measurement system was installed on the cultivator to measure the load on the PTO shaft. To measure the load on the PTO shaft, the load measuring system consisting of a data acquisition board (NI USB-6212, National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) and a torque sensor was installed on the cultivator. Rotary ditching operations were conducted at two ground speeds and two PTO rotational speeds on a field with the same soil conditions. The measured load data were constructed using the rainflow-counting algorithm and the Smith-Watson-Topper equation. When the ground speed or PTO rotational speed increased, the average and maximum PTO torque increased significantly. The average measured torque ratio to rated torque of the PTO input shaft (19.6 Nm) was in the range of 50.1–105.9%. The simulation results using the actual measurement load indicated that the strength of the PTO gear-train tended to decrease with higher transmission gear stage and lower PTO gear stage except for the G2 and G3 gears. The simulation results of the safety factor for contact stress were lower than the minimum safety factor of ‘1.0’ at the T2P1 gear stage (G4 and G2). The simulation results of the fatigue life analysis showed fatigue life of less than service life (1000 h) at T2P2 (G2) and T2P1 (G2, G3, and G4). The simulation results indicate that there is a possibility of gear failure before service life at the T2P1 (G2, G3, and G4) and T2P2 (G2). It is known that the weak parts (G2, G3, and G4) should be the focus of design optimization through gear strength simulation to meet upward of a 1.0 safety factor and service life.

show abstract

Review and application of Rainflow residue processing techniques for accurate fatigue damage estimation

Cited by 129 publications

References 9 publications

Optimal Battery Control Under Cycle Aging Mechanisms in Pay for Performance Settings

Optimal Battery Control Under Cycle Aging Mechanisms in Pay for Performance Settings

Aerodynamic load spectrum and fatigue behaviour of high‐speed train's equipment cabin

Strength Analysis of a PTO (Power Take-Off) Gear-Train of a Multi-Purpose Cultivator during a Rotary Ditching Operation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About