Review: Anti-Endothelial Cell Antibodies: a Need for Standardization

Adler, Yehuda; Salozhin, K.; Tonquèze, M Le; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Youinou, Pierre

doi:10.1177/096120339400300204

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…5% of patients with SLE and demonstrated its antibody specificity through absorption with A5498-8 epithelial cells (Adler et al, 1994;. However, we confirmed that positivity of AECA is not necessarily high in patients with aPA and is somewhat higher in the aPA-negative group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Anti‐endothelial cell antibodies to the endothelial hybridoma cell line (EAhy926) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

et al. 1997

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Summary. The endothelial hybridoma (EAhy926) cell line was employed to clarify whether antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA) [lupus anticoagulant (LA), antiprothrombin antibody (aPT) and/or anticardiolipin antibody (aCL)] and antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA) are identical, and establish whether b 2 -glycoprotein I (b 2 -GPI) is needed for reactivity of aPA to endothelial cells. Ig-G AECA was positive in 9/30 SLE patients with aPA (30 . 0%) and 10/22 SLE patients negative for aPA (45 . 5%). Ig-M AECA was positive in one SLE patient with aPA and one SLE patient without aPA. AECA-positivity was not significantly different among unfixed, TNF-stimulated and fixed EAhy926. The influence of b 2 -GPI on the reactivity of serum to EAhy926 was minimal, and absorption experiments of serum with cardiolipin-liposome/b 2 -GPI or phosphatidylserine-liposome/prothrombin gave little evidence of cross-reactivity of aPA and AECA. The results of our study suggest that aPA and AECA may have partially cross-reacted, but were different antibodies. However, further study is needed to clarify the clinico-pathological significance of AECA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…To confirm the specificity of AECA (Adler et al, 1994;Youinou et al, 1995), 100 ml serum samples judged AECA-positive were mixed with 10 ml of A5498-8 cells (10 5 /ml) (Biolab, U.S.A.) or 10 ml of buffer and incubated for 1 h at 37ЊC. AECA was measured to compare the difference in OD of cell-absorbed and unabsorbed serum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anti‐endothelial cell antibodies to the endothelial hybridoma cell line (EAhy926) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

et al. 1997

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“…Thus, efforts to find a serologic marker of BD have been made in order to diagnose BD before the fulfillment of diagnostic criteria. AECA has been detected in various inflammatory diseases, including BD [9][10][11][12]. But there have been few studies focused on the characteristics of the antigen recognized by AECA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a heterogeneous group of antibodies against various proteins on the surface of endothelial cells, anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) has been detected in various immune-mediated diseases [9,10]. AECA has also been demonstrated in the sera of patients with BD [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Alpha-Enolase Antibody as a Serologic Marker and Its Correlation with Disease Severity in Intestinal Behçet’s Disease

Shin

Kim

et al. 2010

Dig Dis Sci

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Background Intestinal Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, as are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). But unlike CD and UC, serologic markers for intestinal BD are not well known. Recently, antia-enolase antibody (AAEA) has been detected in sera from BD patients. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of AAEA in intestinal BD and its clinical correlations. Methods The study sample included 80 patients with intestinal BD and 23 healthy controls. IgM AAEA was detected by ELISA. The positivity of IgM AAEA was defined as an optical density greater than three standard deviations above the mean of the control sera. Other parameters, such as demographic information, subtype of BD, colonoscopic findings, disease severity and treatment modality, were analyzed retrospectively. Results The prevalence of IgM AAEA was 67.5% in intestinal BD and 0% in the control group. The positivity rate of IgM AAEA was higher in complete or incomplete BD than in suspected BD (77.5% vs. 51.6%, P = 0.016). The mean HBI score was higher in antibody positive patients than in antibody negative patients (5.60 vs. 4.61, P = 0.003). The cumulative probability of steroid use for aggravation of intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms was higher in antibody positive patients than in antibody negative patients (P = 0.012). The number of patients with systemic involvement was higher in the AAEA positive group than in the negative group. Conclusions Monitoring IgM AAEA may be helpful for diagnosis of intestinal BD and could be used to predict clinical course and disease severity.

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“…AECA has been demonstrated in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mixed connective tissue disease, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis, as well as patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), primary retinal vasculitis, Kawasaki disease, acute hemolytic uremic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, organ transplants, hypoparathyroidism, multiple sclerosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, angioedema, and Buerger's disease (5,6). AECA has also been demonstrated in the serum of BD patients (7)(8)(9)(10) and has been associated with disease activity and vasculitis symptoms (6,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human α‐enolase from endothelial cells as a target antigen of anti–endothelial cell antibody in Behçet's disease

Lee¹,

Chung²,

Kim³

et al. 2003

Arthritis & Rheumatism

176

108

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Objective. To identify and recombine a protein of the human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HD-MEC) that specifically reacts with anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) in the serum of patients with Behçet's disease (BD), and to evaluate the usefulness of this protein in BD.Methods. The proteomics technique, with 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization؊time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, was used to identify and recombine HDMEC antigen. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of recombinant protein isolated by gene cloning were performed on serum from healthy controls, patients with BD, and patients with other rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Wegener's granulomatosis).Results. Eighteen of 40 BD patients had serum IgM antibody to HDMEC antigen. The purified protein that reacted with AECA in BD patient sera was found to be ␣-enolase by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Recombinant ␣-enolase protein was isolated and refined by gene cloning. On Western blots, AECApositive IgM from the sera of patients with active BD reacted strongly with recombinant human ␣-enolase. BD patient sera positive for anti-␣-enolase did not react with human ␥-enolase. On dot-blotting, reactivity to human ␣-enolase was detected only in the IgM-positive group. Fifteen of the 18 AECA-positive sera that were positive for the HDMEC antigen showed reactivity to recombinant ␣-enolase IgM antibody by ELISA.Conclusion. The ␣-enolase protein is the target protein of serum AECA in BD patients. This is the first report of the presence of IgM antibodies to ␣-enolase in endothelial cells from the serum of BD patients. Although further studies relating this protein to the pathogenesis of BD will be necessary, ␣-enolase and its antibody may prove useful in the development of new diagnostic and treatment modalities in BD.

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Review: Anti-Endothelial Cell Antibodies: a Need for Standardization

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Anti‐endothelial cell antibodies to the endothelial hybridoma cell line (EAhy926) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

Anti‐endothelial cell antibodies to the endothelial hybridoma cell line (EAhy926) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

Anti-Alpha-Enolase Antibody as a Serologic Marker and Its Correlation with Disease Severity in Intestinal Behçet’s Disease

Human α‐enolase from endothelial cells as a target antigen of anti–endothelial cell antibody in Behçet's disease

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