Review article on COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome

Abstract

The tale COVID infection pandemic or as far as we might be concerned better, COVID-19, has assaulted society on a worldwide scale. For the unenlightened, the sickness is brought about by the specific infection Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is only from time to time that we have a pandemic seething on that has carried with itself a particularly humongous size of harm and on each and every front of the human culture, be it clinical, practical, social or pretty much anything. Theemerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has neurological symptoms comparable to that of the Extreme Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and MERS-CoV. Medical symptoms such as pain in head, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, muscle pain, anosmia, ageusia, and disorder of consciousness are present in COVID-19 affected people. These signs confirm that the COVID-19 infection affects the nervous system. But nerve affecting manifestations of COVID-19 infection are underreported. Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a condition that often arises in various forms. According to the evaluation case reports so far from the start of COVID-19 infection, GBS could be associated with COVID-19 infec-tion. There was a systematic review and published cases that suggested that a broad age range with male predominance was affected. There were respiratory and/or systemic symptoms in most patients and they developed GBS manifestations after COVID-19. However, asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 have also been identified. The distribution of clinical variants and electrophysiological subtypes is close to that of classical GBS, with a higher prevalence of classical sensorimotor form and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. It seems like it is important to pay attention to the neurological effects of COVID-19.

A Review on Gullian Barre Syndrome and its Association with COVID 19

“…59,60 Campylobacter jejuni is the likely the most common infection causing Guillain-Barré syndrome. 13 In most patients, the delay between the development of infectious and neurological symptoms and a negative PCR supports a post-infectious rather than a direct infectious cause. The role of the peripheral nervous system in the development of GBS in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is uncertain.…”

“…57 Most of the patients have symptoms of infection in preceding 3-6 weeks. (13) Some studies have shown that bacterial and viral pathogens have been discovered in GBS patients, but the factors that cause immune-mediated nerve tissue destruction have not been identified. 58 The Epstein-Barr virus, CMV, Campylobacter jejuni, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and ZiKa virus are among the pathogenic agents linked to GBS.…”

“…Dizziness, headache, changed mental status, stroke, ataxia, seizure, anosmia, visual abnormalities, nerve pain, skeletal muscle injury linked with sepsis, and multiple organ injury are some of the neurological consequences of Covid. (13) Anthor mechanism that may include SARS-CoV-2 can trigger an immunological response involving an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6), which increases the inflammatory cascade and destroys tissues. As a result, inflammatory variables may play a significant role in the organ dysfunction of patients infected with Covid 19.…”

“…Because of the antigen's structural similarities to axons and myelin, it stimulates the immune system and causes injury to the nerve roots and peripheral nerves. 13 GBS has a number of subtypes such as the basic type (acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, or AIDP) and the subtypes AMAN (acute motor and axonal neuropathy) and AMSAN (acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy), Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS), polyneuritis cranialis (PNC), and the Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial (PCB) variant (Bickerstaff encephalitis) (BFE). GBS is typically diagnosed using the 14 .…”

“…15 The association between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome is now frequently reported, although the degree and mechanism of the link, as well as the clinical and electro diagnostic patterns, are still unknown. 13…”