Review—Basic and Advanced Inertial Navigation Fluid-Based Technology

Abstract

This article reviews most published inertial sensor technologies, including dynamically tuned, optical, microelectromechanical vibratory, mechanical, solid-state, and fluid-based. The working principles of the technologies are elaborated. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of those sensors are laid out. Owing to their excellent overall performance, such as its simple structure, low cost, large measurement range, etc., the current review focuses on the state-of-the-art of fluid-based technology of accelerometers and gyroscopes. The sensing elements of the fluid-based technology that are used in the accelerometer and gyroscope are explained. Moreover, a comparison and analysis of those sensing elements are presented. The comparison shows that the thermal resistor has five orders of magnitude which is the highest dynamic range. However, the porous transducer is higher in bandwidth which is almost 120 Hz. Furthermore, the particle imaging velocimetry gyroscope (PIVG) is reviewed. The PIVG is an innovative technology that is used to measure the angular rate where fluid is used as proof of mass. The review shows that the PIVG is low-cost and almost drift-free. Additionally, compared to commercially available gyroscopes, PIVG provides a superior signal-to-noise ratio.

Review—Electrochemical Sensors for Acetylcholine Detection

“…31 Additionally, researchers must contend with technological restrictions, considering features such as applicability to certain sample types and detection limits. 32 By advancing biomedical research and development, advanced nanomaterials and intelligent sensors sponsored by the European Commission through Horizon Europe hope to transform the field and propel advances in patient care, diagnosis, treatment, and disease management throughout Europe 33,34 Rapid illness detection and scalable point-of-care diagnostics are promised by three important partnerships, which are focused on Innovative Health, Cancer Molecular Atlas, and Personalized Medicine. 35 Biosensors that utilize nanomaterials to detect diverse analytes prioritize single-molecule analysis, whereas intelligent sensors facilitate wearable technology and interconnected systems for early diagnosis, illness management, and patient monitoring.…”

Review—Structural and Optical Interpretations on Phosphor-Based Optical Thermometry

“…Sensors are essential to many technical breakthroughs as well as our daily life. There are several sensors which is globally developed with high end technology like 2D MXenes and Borophene as Intelligent sensors, 1,2 biosensors for biomedical fields, [3][4][5][6][7][8] 3D printing technology 9 Luminescent oxygen sensors for pre-detection of viral diseases, 10,11 Sensor based heat transfer detection, 12 strain sensors, 13 navigation sensor technology 14 and several luminescent based dosimeters. 15 The current generation witnesses a huge interest in optical temperature sensors due to their salient feature such as low cost, insensitive to electromagnetic interference, wide temperature range and they do not require electrical cable, high spatial resolution, and relatively easier detection, etc.…”