Review Does polyethylene oxide possess a low thrombogenicity?

Llanos, Gerard R.; Sefton, Michael V.

doi:10.1163/156856293x00645

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…PEG is the well-known materials with hydrophilic character showing the high biocompatibility and the low thrombogenicity. [25][26][27] There are previous reports that the surface modification of biomaterials with PEG appreciably reduces thrombogenicity. 25,[28][29][30][31][32] Thus, it is widely accepted that PEG shields the cationic surface of biomaterials, reducing their thrombogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible micellar nanovectors achieve efficient gene transfer to vascular lesions without cytotoxicity and thrombus formation

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible micellar nanovectors achieve efficient gene transfer to vascular lesions without cytotoxicity and thrombus formation

et al. 2007

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“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The protein resistance of PEOmodified surfaces has been attributed to excluded volume effects, 27 loss of conformational entropy, 21 and osmotic effects as water is driven from the polymer 28 upon approach of a protein molecule. Hypotheses based on the low PEO/aq interfacial free energy, 22 structuring of water at the PEO-water interface, 29 the absence of ionic groups, 29 and optimal polar-nonpolar interactions with proteins 30,31 have been proposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-deposited membranes for controlled release of antibiotic to prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation

Hendricks

Kwok

Shen

et al. 2000

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Bacterial infection on implanted medical devices is a significant clinical problem caused by the adhesion of bacteria to the biomaterial surface followed by biofilm formation and recruitment of other cells lines such as blood platelets, leading to potential thrombosis and thromboembolisms. To minimize biofilm formation and potential device-based infections, a polyurethane (Biospan) matrix was developed to release, in a controlled manner, an antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) locally at the implant interface. One material set consisted of the polyetherurethane (PEU) base matrix radiofrequency glow discharge plasma deposited with triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (triglyme); the other set had an additional coating of poly(butyl methyacrylate) (pBMA). Triglyme served as a nonfouling coating, whereas the pBMA served as a controlled porosity release membrane. The pBMA-coated PEU contained and released ciprofloxacin in a controlled manner. The efficacy of the modified PEU polymers against Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspensions was evaluated under flow conditions in a parallel plate flow cell. Bacterial adhesion and colonization, if any, to the test polymers were examined by direct microscopic image analysis and corroborated with destructive sampling, followed by direct cell counting. The rate of initial bacterial cell adhesion to triglyme-coated PEU was 0. 77%, and to the pBMA-coated PEU releasing ciprofloxacin was 6% of the observed adhesion rates for the control PEU. However, the rate of adherent cell accumulation due to cell growth and replication was approximately the same for the triglyme-coated PEU and the PEU controls, but was zero for the pBMA-coated PEU releasing ciprofloxacin.

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“…The efficacy of PEG coatings and the assumptions regarding its properties have indeed been questioned (37), but the consequences of these unusual characteristics for its biologically relevant properties have not been addressed (19). Apparent discrepancies in the biocompatibility of materials coated with grafted PEG suggest that the properties of such coatings are far from simple (37).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Apparent discrepancies in the biocompatibility of materials coated with grafted PEG suggest that the properties of such coatings are far from simple (37). Moreover, such complex behavior makes clear that current polymer theories do not adequately describe the variety of phenomenology that determine the interactions of this material with the biological environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurements of attractive forces between proteins and end-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) chains

Sheth

Leckband

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

257

259

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The surface force apparatus was used to measure directly the molecular forces between streptavidin and lipid bilayers displaying grafted M r 2,000 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). These measurements provide direct evidence for the formation of relatively strong attractive forces between PEG and protein. At low compressive loads, the forces were repulsive, but they became attractive when the proteins were pressed into the polymer layer at higher loads. The adhesion was sufficiently robust that separation of the streptavidin and PEG uprooted anchored polymer from the supporting membrane. These interactions altered the properties of the grafted chains. After the onset of the attraction, the polymer continued to bind protein for several hours. The changes were not due to protein denaturation. These data demonstrate directly that the biological activity of PEG is not due solely to properties of simple polymers such as the excluded volume. It is also coupled to the competitive interactions between solvent and other materials such as proteins for the chain segments and to the ability of this material to adopt higher order intrachain structures.Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is used extensively to improve the biocompatibility of foreign materials for both in vivo and ex vivo applications (1-3). Its prevalent use is due largely to its low toxicity and low immunogenicity (1). In addition, due to its protein resistance, it is widely used as a stabilizing surface coating in biological environments (3-7). For example, PEG-functionalization of liposomes increased their blood circulation times by nearly an order of magnitude (4). In the clinic, ethylene oxide surface grafts are used to reduce protein adsorption onto the surfaces of biomedical polymers (1-3, 5-7). This is important for controlling the biological responses to the latter, in part, because protein adsorption is a well established first step in the humoral response against foreign materials (2,8,9). Thus, by preventing the unwanted adsorption of bioactive agents onto the surfaces of medical polymers, the surface grafting of hydrophilic polymers is one of the more effective, general strategies used to manipulate the biological activity of medical materials (3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).The unusual efficacy of PEG as an apparently biologically passivating surface coating is linked to both the presumed biological inertness of the polymer backbone and to its solvated configuration (1, 3, 5, 7). In most cases, the proposed mechanisms for the protein resistance of PEG borrow from current theories for structureless polymers in isotropic liquids (5,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). For example, PEG's ability to repel proteins is attributed to its large excluded volume (3,5,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), its configurational entropy (20, 21), surface coverage by grafted chains (3,15,18), and the thickness of grafted layers (1,3,9,17,18). These latter attributes are all well described theoretically for both terminally anchored and soluble simple chains in simple solvents (22)(23)(24)(25). Based on ...

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Review Does polyethylene oxide possess a low thrombogenicity?

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Biocompatible micellar nanovectors achieve efficient gene transfer to vascular lesions without cytotoxicity and thrombus formation

Biocompatible micellar nanovectors achieve efficient gene transfer to vascular lesions without cytotoxicity and thrombus formation

Plasma-deposited membranes for controlled release of antibiotic to prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation

Measurements of attractive forces between proteins and end-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) chains

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