Review Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials under a Centrifugal Force

Watanabe, Yoshihiko; Sato, Hisashi

doi:10.5772/20988

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In other words, for a graded distribution of the reinforcement phase in the casting, speed of rotation of the mould must be judiciously selected keeping an eye on the size of the casting produced and to avoid particle clustering which may lead to porosities in the particle-rich-regions. (6) It is recommended that, further studies concerning variations of rate of cooling and the resultant structural variations may be undertaken by the researchers.…”

Section: Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A continuous gradient of composition in the FGMs can be obtained by adopting several processes such as thermal spraying, sol-gel process, liquid infiltration, spray-forming, powder metallurgy, vapour deposition etc. [4][5][6][7]. However, over the edges, the centrifugal casting process has proved to be a cost effective, simple process for fabricating FGMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Certain Aspects of Particle Distribution in Castings Formed in Rotating Moulds

Mohapatra¹,

Sarangi²,

Mohanty³

et al. 2019

ACSM

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The paper undertakes to demonstrate dispersal of particles with varied densities in a melt solidifying in a rotating mould, through laboratory experiment. Molten wax, wood and sand particles were considered for the purpose. Mixture of the three, in pre decided proportions, was poured into a refractory lined, split mould, rotating about its vertical axis at different speeds and the melt was allowed to solidify under the influence of the resulting centrifugal force. Slices of the casting so obtained, were examined using an optical microscope. Also, temperature and viscosity profiles of the melt, as well as the velocity and position of the particles in the melt at any instant of time, were analyzed, with the aid of relevant mathematical equations. The solidified wax was seen to have heavy sand-particles at the outer most surface and the thickness of the particle-rich-zone decreased with the increase of mould-rotational-speed. The analytical and experimental findings were in good agreement. The investigation, also, established significant contributions of combinations of 'speed of rotation' and 'mould size' towards graded distribution of particles in the solidified melt leading to gradation of properties in the resultant casting.

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Section: Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certain Aspects of Particle Distribution in Castings Formed in Rotating Moulds

Mohapatra¹,

Sarangi²,

Mohanty³

et al. 2019

ACSM

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“…As seen in Figure 1, it is obvious that the velocity of ZrO 2 particles is higher than that of Ti particles, when the particle size is the same, due to larger density of ZrO 2 particles. On the other hand, if the mixed powder contains the ZrO 2 particles of smaller size and Ti particles of larger size, then Ti particles can have higher velocity than that of ZrO 2 particles in some specific conditions [8,9].…”

Section: Basic Theory and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Behavior of Continuous Graded Composition in Ti‐ZrO₂ Functionally Graded Materials Fabricated by Mixed‐Powder Pouring Method

Jayachandran

Tsukamoto

Sato

et al. 2013

Journal of Nanomaterials

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A mixed-powder pouring method has been proposed to fabricate functionally graded materials (FGMs) with the desired compositional gradient. The experimental procedure involves preparation of mixed powders consisting of more than two types of particles with different size and/or density, which exhibit different velocities in suspension and sedimentation to form the green body under gravity conditions. The green body was sintered by a spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The initiation of the particle settlement was precisely controlled by using crushed ice as the suspension medium. Ti-ZrO2FGMs were fabricated, in this study, using different sizes of ZrO2and Ti particles. Vickers hardness confirmed the compositional gradient in the fabricated FGMs. A numerical simulation was also carried out to analyze the particle movement inside the suspension medium during the formation process and predict compositional gradient in the FGMs.

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“…Simoneti et al [2] described a sedimentation method for the manufacture of composite cathodes from a specially prepared slurry using gravity. Watanabe and Sato [3] described methods using centrifugal force to produce a gradient microstructure. To avoid the presence of thermal stresses causing the deformation of cutting tools, Gasik et al [4] applied a variation of the sedimentation method using the movement of the charged particles and electrophoretic force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity and Microstructure Iron-Based Graded Materials Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering and the Conventional Method

Zarębski

Putyra

Mierzwiński

2019

Metals

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Using PNC-60 powder with the addition of graphite, cylindrical products characterized by different compositions of core and outer layers were made. Some compacts were sintered via the conventional process, while others were subjected to the spark plasma sintering method (SPS) at different times and temperatures. The gradient microstructure was obtained in the transition zone by mixing powders during die filling, followed by pressing and diffusion during sintering. The effect of sintering parameters on the nature of the gradient zone and the morphology of the pores was shown. After conventional sintering, the gradient zone was wider than it was after SPS. Via SPS, the short sintering time confined the diffusion to a local range, making its influence on the gradient structure negligible. Differences in the microstructure were confirmed by functional description.

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Review Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials under a Centrifugal Force

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Certain Aspects of Particle Distribution in Castings Formed in Rotating Moulds

Certain Aspects of Particle Distribution in Castings Formed in Rotating Moulds

Formation Behavior of Continuous Graded Composition in Ti‐ZrO₂ Functionally Graded Materials Fabricated by Mixed‐Powder Pouring Method

Porosity and Microstructure Iron-Based Graded Materials Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering and the Conventional Method

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Review Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials under a Centrifugal Force

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Certain Aspects of Particle Distribution in Castings Formed in Rotating Moulds

Certain Aspects of Particle Distribution in Castings Formed in Rotating Moulds

Formation Behavior of Continuous Graded Composition in Ti‐ZrO2 Functionally Graded Materials Fabricated by Mixed‐Powder Pouring Method

Porosity and Microstructure Iron-Based Graded Materials Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering and the Conventional Method

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Formation Behavior of Continuous Graded Composition in Ti‐ZrO₂ Functionally Graded Materials Fabricated by Mixed‐Powder Pouring Method