Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was applied to the study of tissue sections of human colorectal cancer. Pairs of tissue samples from colorectal cancer and histologically normal mucosa 5-10 cm away from the tumor were obtained from 11 patients who underwent partial colectomy. All cancer specimens displayed abnormal spectra compared with the corresponding normal tissues. These changes involved the phosphate and C-O stretching bands, the CH stretch region, and the pressure dependence of the CH2 bending and C=-O stretching modes. Our findings indicate that in colonic malignant tissue, there are changes in the degree of hydrogen-bonding of (i) oxygen atoms of the backbone of nucleic acids (increased); (ii) OH groups of serine, tyrosine, and threonine residues (any or all of them) of cell proteins (decreased); and (iii) the C=O groups of the acyl chains of membrane lipids (increased). In addition, they indicate changes in the structure of proteins and membrane lipids (as judged by the changes in their ratio of methyl to methylene groups) and in the packing and the conformational structure of the methylene chains of membrane lipids. The cell(s) of the malignant colon tissues responsible for these spectral abnormalities is unknown. Cultured colon adenocarcinoma cell lines displayed similarly abnormal FT-IR spectra. The diagnostic potential of the observed changes is discussed.In recent years spectral methods have been used in the evaluation of malignancy, and some attempts have been made to utilize them as a diagnostic tool. Most of the work involves NMR spectroscopy (1-3); however, the initial enthusiasm for the diagnostic usefulness of NMR has subsided considerably (4).Infrared spectroscopy is becoming an increasingly powerful tool for the study of the composition and structure of cellular components within intact tissues (5-7). Currently, methodological and technological advances are greatly enhancing the sensitivity of infrared spectroscopy. In particular, appreciation of the role of pressure on spectral parameters such as frequency, intensity, band shape, and band splitting and the consequent advances in high-pressure instrumentation have further facilitated the analysis of vibrational spectra (8-10).In this paper we report our findings from the analysis of human colon cancer tissues by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy that was also combined with the use of high-pressure (pressure-tuning) infrared spectroscopy, when appropriate. Our data, showing clear-cut spectral differences between normal and malignant colonic tissue, suggest the potential applicability of this approach to a host of biological problems.
PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients. The 11 patients whose tissue samples were studied underwent partial large-bowel resection for colorectal cancer at North Shore University Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY. Five were women and 6 were men; their average age was 75 years (range, 59-84). Staging of tumors using the modified Dukes' classification (11) showed...